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涉外經(jīng)貿(mào)法律文件的起草與翻譯(編輯修改稿)

2025-01-19 13:42 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 enses and losses arising from the return of goods or claims should be borne by the sellers.”審校時,會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個條款還不盡完善,首先應(yīng)補(bǔ)進(jìn)一項除外責(zé)任,因為發(fā)現(xiàn)品質(zhì)、數(shù)量或重量與合同規(guī)定不符,不完全是賣方的責(zé)任,有些責(zé)任是由船運公司或保險公司所付的,所以應(yīng)補(bǔ)進(jìn)一項:“除屬保險公司或船運公司負(fù)責(zé)者外”,英譯:“with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or the carriers are liable”。其次,條款的英譯文也有兩處不妥:①從句中的連詞“if”應(yīng)換成“in case”,在合同英文中“in case”真的不掉線嗎??、????????????與“if”不是同一意思,“in case”主要用于陳述預(yù)防措施,暗示提前做某些事情以保證安全。另外,從句中的謂語也應(yīng)改為虛擬語氣In case+S+(should)+V,這樣一來使人覺得發(fā)生索賠的可能性很小。②從句中“not”的位置應(yīng)防在“in conformity with”的前面,表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)…與…不符”?! ∫陨线@個條款經(jīng)審校改為:“In case the quality, quatity or weight of goods be found not in conformity with those stipulated in this contract after reinspection by the China modity Inspection Bureau within_____days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyers shall return the goods to or lodge claims against the Sellers for pensation of losses upon the strength of Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or the carriers are liable…”  H. 索賠條款的審?! ≡诼男泻贤校捎诤贤环轿茨苈男谢蛭茨苋柯男泻贤?guī)定的義務(wù)而引起糾紛,并由此導(dǎo)致受損失的一方向另一方索賠,引起爭議、索賠的原因主要有三種,一是由于賣方違約,如:拒不交貨、逾期裝運、數(shù)量短缺、質(zhì)量規(guī)格與合同規(guī)定不符,未按合同規(guī)定進(jìn)行包裝而造成損壞等。二是由于買方違約,如:拒開或遲開信用證,無理拒收貨物,. 條件下,不按時派船等。三是合同本身的條款不明確,致使當(dāng)事人看法不一。因此,在雙方當(dāng)事人認(rèn)真、全面履行合同的基礎(chǔ)上,一定要使各項條款明確完整、萬無一失。  索賠條款是合同的重要“關(guān)口”,有時因索賠條款規(guī)定的不明確,導(dǎo)致整個合同履行的前功盡棄。審校索賠條款時應(yīng)特別注意索賠的期限,在索賠條款中,一方向另一方提出索賠要求,一般應(yīng)在索賠的有效期限內(nèi)。如規(guī)定:“買方應(yīng)在貨到目的港30天內(nèi)向賣方提交索賠通知,在此期間如賣方未接到買方索賠通知及公證行開立的公證報告,則認(rèn)為買方無索賠要求”,英譯:“Buyer must give seller notice of any claim within 30 days after arrival of goods at port of destination. Unless such notice, acpanied by proof certified by an authorized surveyor, arrives at the seller’s office during such 30 days’ period, Buyer shall be deemed to have no claim”,  (注:譯文中的 “notice of any claim”前應(yīng)加 “written”,因為,解決索賠案件必須以書面形式提出,往往是先發(fā)電報提出索賠要求,再發(fā)信件,詳細(xì)申述。最后一句譯文 “to have no claim”表達(dá)也欠妥,“認(rèn)為買方無索真的不掉線嗎??、????????????真的不掉線嗎??、????????????賠要求”,意思是:“買方在有效期內(nèi)沒有提出索賠要求,可以認(rèn)為買方放棄這種要求”,應(yīng)改譯為 “to have waived any claim” ,句中的“放棄”一詞選用“waive”更好些,因為 “waive”這個詞主要表示 “one shall not insist on a right or claim”  以上這個條款的規(guī)定應(yīng)該是沒問題的,但請注意:有些貨物的潛在毛病在索賠的有效期內(nèi),是不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)的,所以,最好再補(bǔ)充規(guī)定:“有關(guān)潛在瑕疵,無論買方所提出的索賠時間早晚,賣方均不得拒絕”,英譯為“seller shall, nevertheless be responsible for latent defects of the merchandise regardless of any delay of Buyer to give such written notice of claim”.  四、結(jié)束語  根據(jù)以上討論不難看出,涉外經(jīng)貿(mào)法律文件的起草與翻譯,涉及許多有關(guān)中外法律、國際經(jīng)貿(mào)、專業(yè)英文等方面的內(nèi)容。且包括許多技術(shù)性問題,固要求涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)律師在起草和翻譯經(jīng)貿(mào)法律文件時,力爭作到嚴(yán)于律己,具有一絲不茍的認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)精神和實事求是的科學(xué)態(tài)度。要深入理解經(jīng)貿(mào)法律語言的準(zhǔn)確性、規(guī)范性,嚴(yán)格按經(jīng)貿(mào)法律文件起草與翻譯的原則行事。在定稿前,應(yīng)對文件作最后的審校,對文件中的每個詞句、數(shù)字、金額、日期、每項權(quán)利、義務(wù)做嚴(yán)格、細(xì)致的審校,務(wù)求作到天衣無縫,才能最后定稿。真的不掉線嗎??、????????????重點詞語用法 1.might[mait]aux. v 表示“可能”,“或許”常用來談?wù)撘环N可能性,表示某事可能將要發(fā)生或某事可能正在發(fā)生。例如: ①Mary might phone. You39。d better stay here for some time.瑪麗也許會打電話來,你最好在這兒等一會兒。②The books that I just borrowed from the foreign teacher might interest you.我剛從外教那里借的書或許能使你感興趣。③Let me take your temperature. You might have some fever.我來給你量一下體溫,也許你在發(fā)燒。2.control [k+n39。tr+l] vt. 控制,調(diào)節(jié)。 control 也可用作名詞。例如:①The Government tried to control prices.政府設(shè)法調(diào)節(jié)物價。②The motor was quite out of control and knocked at the bus.摩托車失控撞到公共汽車上了。③She tried to control herself at the bad news.聽到這個壞消息,她盡力控制住自己。④ At last the fire was under control.最后火終于得到控制。3.fire [fai+] 的用法1)用作不可數(shù)名詞時,意為“火,火災(zāi)”。例如:①Who set fire to the police station?是誰放火燒的警察局?②There is no smoke without fire.[諺語]無風(fēng)不起浪。③The tall building was on fire.高樓起火了。④Don39。t play with fire. It is dangerous.真的不掉線嗎??、????????????不要玩火,這是危險的。⑤Such kind of wood catches fire easily.這種木材容易燃燒起來。2)fire用作可數(shù)名詞時,意為“爐火,火爐”。例如:①There is a fire in the kitchen. 廚房里生著火。②Cook the meat over the fire.把肉放在爐子上燉(或煮)著。③In winter when clothes are washed, they don39。t dry easily. They are hung near a fire.冬天洗衣服的時候,衣服不容易干,于是就把它們掛在爐火旁邊。3)fire 用作動詞時,意為“放槍(炮);射出(子彈)等;開火”。例如: ①He fired his gun. 他開了槍。②The officer ordered his men to fire.軍官命令士兵開火。4.collect 和 gather這兩個詞都有“收集”之意。 gather 指把分散的東西集中在一個地方,例如收集莊稼、樹葉、花草等;collect 常用來指按計劃或為了某個特定的目的把東西經(jīng)過仔細(xì)挑選后收集起來。試比較:①She gathered his papers and books together.他把試卷和書籍收集在一起。②She gathered the fallen leaves. 她把落葉掃攏。③I enjoy collecting stamps. 我喜歡集郵。④ He collected facts to prove the theory.他收集資料以證明理論?!咀ⅰ勘硎疽话阋饬x的“收集;聚集”時, collect可用來代替 gather,但gather 不能代替 collect 以表示特殊意義,如句③④中不能用 gather。再如:①The captain collected/gathered the boy39。s cap, shoes and knife.上尉把那孩子的帽子,鞋子和小刀收集起來。②People gathered/ collected to watch the fight.人們聚集起來看打架。③We collected/gathered some firewood from the wood and lit a large fire.我在樹林里拾了些柴,點了堆火。5.wonder [39。w)nd+] vt. 想知道,不知道;納悶。其后可跟從句或特殊不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:①I wonder if you can lend me your bicycle.我不知道你能否借給我你的自行車。②I wonder how you came to miss your way.真的不掉線嗎??、????????????我不知道你是怎么會迷路的。③She wondered why they hadn39。t given her an answer.她納悶為什么他們沒給她回信。④ They waited and wondered what do do next.他們等著不知道下一步怎么辦好。⑤I was wondering how to get to the railway station.我想知道怎樣到火車站去。⑥ He was wondering whether to go home or to follow you to the park.他拿不定主意,是回家還是跟你去公園。6.sound 的用法1)n.聲音(多作可數(shù)名詞)①I heard a terrible sound on my way to my room.在我回房間的路上,我聽見一種可怕的聲音。2)vt. & vi. 發(fā)出響聲,使發(fā)出聲音①The boy sounded the bell loudly. 男孩使勁搖鈴。②The alarm sounded at eight o39。clock in the evening.警報晚上八點響了起來。3)vi. 聽起來(系動詞)①It sounds a good idea. 這聽起來像個好主意。②The story sounds true. 這個故事聽起來是真的。7.escape 一詞的用法 1)escape = run away,用作不及物動詞。如:①Two of them have escaped.他們中有兩人逃走了。②Aprisoner by the name of John Smith escaped from prison last night.一個叫 John Smith 的囚犯昨晚越獄逃跑了。③He first escaped to France and then to England.他先逃往法國,然后逃到美國。2)escape 用作及物動詞,表示“逃避”,“逃脫”,在意思上與作不及物動詞用法有所區(qū)別。如:①You were lucky to have escaped punishment.=You were lucky to have escaped being punished.你避免了受罰,真幸運。②The bird just escaped being shot.那只鳥差一點被擊中?!咀ⅰ縠scape 后面的動詞,必須用 ing形式。3)escape 也可用作名詞。如:①That was a narrow escape. 那真是九死一生。②He had a narrow escape from death. 他在千鈞一發(fā)之際免于一死。重要詞組短語 1.belong to 意為“屬于”。例如:①It is known to all that Taiwan belong
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