英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)明教程-句子(編輯修改稿)
2024-10-22 19:55 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 . 掌握謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，是寫(xiě)好句子的基本功，它和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)句型句式一樣，具有極其重要的意義。 ? One reason that I appreciate classical music is the enjoyment and relaxation I get from listening to it. ? 2. 人稱(chēng)和數(shù) ? 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式必須與句中主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上保持一致。這方面最突出的問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)在單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)是，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常出錯(cuò)。如： ? Graduate education aim at making scientists. ? She as well as the other students have ? learned how to install this electric equipment. Graduate education aims at making scientists. She as well as the other students has learned how to install this electric equipment. ? 3. 還有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等在句子中的錯(cuò)誤使用，都會(huì)破 ? 壞句子的一致關(guān)系。如： ? Mark told his mother that he is tired. Many countries speak English. If he was in better health, they would probably allow him to do the work. Mark told his mother that he was tired. English is spoken in many countries. If he were in better health, they would probably allow him to do the work. ? 三 . 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系 ? （常見(jiàn)有介詞短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句等）分隔時(shí)，也要保持一致。如： ? The student from Class 4 have got the first ? prize in the contest. ? ? The Chairman, along with his assistants, were present at the news conference (記者招 待會(huì) ) . ? The student from Class 4 has got the first prize in the contest. The Chairman, along with his assistants, was present at the news conference (記者招待會(huì) ) . together with, as well as, in addition to 和 along with 都起介詞作用，而不是并列連詞的作用，因此它們不能 構(gòu)成并列主語(yǔ)。 ? 2. 由 either…or 或 neither nor連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根 ? 據(jù) or或 nor后面主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)變化而變化，也可簡(jiǎn)單記 ? 為按照“ 就近原則 ”。如： ? Either his parents or Dick are ing. ? 在 There be句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be單復(fù)數(shù)形式的確 ? 定也是依照這一原則。 ? There are a book, two pens and a pad (便箋簿 ) on ? the table. ? ? Either his parents or Dick is ing. There is a book, two pens and a pad on the table. ? 3. 集合名詞既可跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，也可跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)把一個(gè)集合名詞看成一個(gè)整體單位時(shí)，要求跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如： The crowd was waiting in front of the bookstore. ? 當(dāng)把一個(gè)集體中的成員看成是不同的個(gè)體時(shí)，集合名詞則要跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如： ? The family were going to the cinema tonight. ? The jury (陪審團(tuán) ) are still arguing. ? 常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有： audience, band（ 樂(lè)隊(duì)） , class, mittee, flock (禽、畜等的 )群 , group, herd（ 獸群 , 牧群） , team, faculty（ 全體教員） , crew（ 全體船員） , staff（ 全體雇員） , chorus（ 合唱隊(duì)） . ? 另外， people, police, cattle（ 牛）這些詞 總是用作復(fù)數(shù) ，通常要求 跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 。 ? 4. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，大多數(shù)不定代詞，如： anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody everyone, everything, neither, nobody, none, one, no one, somebody, someone, something都是單數(shù)，指一個(gè)非特定的人或事物，因此它們均使用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如： ? ? 1. Neither of the twins was helpful. ? ? 2. None of the books is available in the bookstore. ? ? 四 . 指代的一致性 ? 英語(yǔ)中很講究指代的一致性，即代詞（主格、賓格、所有格、反身代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞以及疑問(wèn)代詞等）要和它們指代的有關(guān)名詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)（有時(shí)還包括性別）上保持前后一致，而且代詞的指代必須十分清楚，否則會(huì)使句子產(chǎn)生歧義，令人難以理解。另外，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)也要嚴(yán)格地按上下文意義確定。例如： ? 1. At first a woman picked her share. Then three young men took their shares. At last, an old man took his share. ? 2. None of the books is
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