【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
) in ,如在 good中的(g)以及在 cup中的(k) 17) the tip of the tongue: 舌尖 18) the upper front teeth: 上齒 19) the roof of the mouth: 上顎 20) the lower lip: 下唇 音標(biāo)……寬式和嚴(yán)式標(biāo)音法 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) The vowels (monophthongs and diphthongs) 元音(單元音amp。雙元音) The constants 輔音 Broad transcription: transcription with lettersymbols only. (in dictionaries and teaching textbooks) 用一個(gè)符號(hào)來表示一個(gè)語音的標(biāo)音方式叫做寬式標(biāo)音法,這種音標(biāo)法常見于詞典和教科書?! arrow transcription: the transcription with diacritics. 但實(shí)際上, 同一語音在不通的語音環(huán)境中的發(fā)音不盡相同, 比如Pit和spit中的/P/音發(fā)音就不一樣?! ≡趯捠綐?biāo)音的基礎(chǔ)上, 再用變音符號(hào)表示同一語音在不同的語音環(huán)境下不同發(fā)音的標(biāo)音法叫做窄式標(biāo)音法?! lassification of English speech sounds 英語語音的分類 The basic difference between a vowel and a constant is that in the pronunciation of the former the air that es from the lungs meets with no obstruction of any kind in the throat, the nose, or the mouth, while in that of the latter it is obstructed in one way or another. Classification of English constants 英語輔音分類 此主題相關(guān)圖片如下: Classification of English vowels :the position of the tongue in the mouth舌位高低 :the openness of the mouth,口的張開程度 :the shape of the lips園唇與否 :length of the vowels元音的長度 此主題相關(guān)圖片如下: Phonology 音系學(xué) Phonology and phonetics 音系學(xué)和語音學(xué) Phonetics is of a general nature。 it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages. 語音學(xué)研究的是人類所有語言的語音,旨在對語音進(jìn)行描述和分類。 Phonology is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language。 it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic munication. 音系學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)是特定語言的語音體系,語音表達(dá)意義作用?! hone,phoneme and allophone 語音,音位,音位變體 Phones, which can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. 語音是語音學(xué)研究的單位, 是一個(gè)個(gè)具體的聲音?! honology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. 音位是音系學(xué)研究的單位,是抽象的概念, 每一個(gè)音位是一組語音特征的集合體,音位具有區(qū)別意義的作用。 The different which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme. 音位變體是一個(gè)音位在特定的語音環(huán)境力的具體體現(xiàn), 同一音位在不同語音環(huán)境里體現(xiàn)為不同的變體,也就是語音?! honemic contrast, plementary distribution, and minimal pair 音位對立,互補(bǔ)分布,最小對立對 rope and robe that /P/ and /b/ can oc