【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ne per residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city. 1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 190039。s(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields(C) Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles2. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as resulting primarily from(A) new economic conditions(B) images of cities shown in movies(C) new agricultural techniques(D) a large migrant population3. The word meteoric in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) rapid(B) famous(C) controversial(D) methodical4. The word it in line 8 refers to(A) aqueduct(B) vision(C) water(D) agricultural potential5. According to the passage , the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the(A) influx of new residents to agricultural areas near the city(B) construction of an aqueduct(C) expansion of transportation facilities(D) development of new connections to the city39。s natural harbor6. According to the passage , the initial success of Hollywood39。 s motion picture industry was due largely to the(A) availability of many skilled workers(B) beauty of the countryside(C) region39。s reputation for luxurious lifestyles(D) region39。s climate and good weather7. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the Los Angeles area were employed in(A) farming(B) oil refining(C) automobile manufacturing(D) the motion picture industry8. According to the passage , the Southern California oil fields were initially exploited due to(A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles39。 rail system(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America(C) a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use(D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders9. The phrase apace with in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) anew with(B) apart from(C) as fast as(D) at the middle of10. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed to the relative decline there of(A) public transportation(B) industrial areas(C) suburban neighborhoods(D) oil fields11. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles(A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images(B) lacked good suburban areas in which to live(C) had an excessively large population(D) was not really a single cityPASSAGE 94(30) Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent。 the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life. The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 179039。s, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 182039。s and 183039。s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wageearning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers39。 control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price. For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used powerdriven machines and assemblyline techniques to turn out large quantities of wellmade goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nation39。s largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers. 1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America(B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers(C) The rapid speed of industrialization in North America(D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) ensured(B) raised(C) arranged(D) discouraged3. The word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) value(B) popularity(C) extent(D) diversity4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how(A) entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system(B) entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output(C) rural worker