【文章內容簡介】 and cooperative care of the young。 it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals. Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiplestep tasks is acplished in a seriesparallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to pletion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few. What makes ants unusual in the pany of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation. 1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?(C) Why are ants predators?(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?2. The word unique in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) inherited(B) habitual(C) singular(D) natural3. The word rotting in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) decaying(B) collected(C) expanding(D) cultivated4. The word key in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) unmon(B) important(C) incidental(D) temporary5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from(A) one type of food consumption to another(B) one environment to another(C) a solitary task to a group task(D) a defensive to an offensive stance6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate(A) the advantages of specialization(B) the type of food that larvae are fed(C) the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks(D) the different stages of ant development7. The author uses the word Hence in line 16 to indicate(A) a logical conclusion(B) the next step in a senes of steps(C) a reason for further study(D) the relationship among ants8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) eusocial (line 3)(B) seriesparallel sequence (line 13)(C) caste (line 19)(D) predators (line 23)9. The word they in line 25 refers to(A) termites(B) ants(C) places(D) predators10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites(A) live above ground(B) are eusocial(C) protect their nests(D) eat almost no animal substancesPASSAGE 65 No two ets ever look identical, but they have basic features in mon, one of the most obvious of which is a a. A a looks like a misty, patch of light with one or more tails often streaming from it in the direction away from the sun. At the heart of a et39。s a lies a nucleus of solid material, typically no more than 10 kilometers across. The visible a is a huge cloud of gas and dust that has escaped from the nucleus, which then surrounds like an extended atmosphere. The a can extend as far as a million kilometers outward from the nucleus. Around the a there is often an even larger invisible envelope of hydrogen gas. The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a et develops from a relatively small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust was the closeup image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halley39。s Comet. It turned out to be a bit like a very dark asteroid, measuring 16 by 8 kilometers. Ices have evaporated from its outer layers to leave a crust of nearly black dust all over the surface. Bright jets of gas from evaporating ice burst out on the side facing the Sun, where the surface gets heated up, carrying dust with them. This is how the a and the tails are created. Comets grow tails only when they get warm enough for ice and dust to boil off. As a et39。s orbit brings it closer to the sun, first the a grows, then two distinct tails usually form. One, the less mon kind, contains electrically charged (., ionized) atoms of gas, which are blown off directly in the direction away from the Sun by the magnetic field of the solar wind. The other tail is made of neutral dust particles, which get gently pushed back by the pressure of the sunlight itself. Unlike the ion tail, which is straight, the dust tail bees curved as the particles follow their own orbits around the Sun. 1. The passage focuses on ets primarily in terms of their(A) orbital patterns(B) a and tails(C) brightness(D) size2. The word identical in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) equally fast(B) exactly alike(C) near each other(D) invisible3. The word heart in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) center(B) edge(C) tail(D) beginning4. Why does the author mention the Giotto probe in paragraph 3?(A) It had a relatively small and inconspicuous nucleus.(B) It was very similar to an asteroid.(C) It was covered wi