【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 摘要寫(xiě)作時(shí)所采用的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)視情況而定 , 力求表達(dá)自然、妥當(dāng) . 寫(xiě)作中可 大致 遵循以下原則 Tense of Abstract 背景介紹 : ?普遍事實(shí) ?研究趨勢(shì) TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 介紹背景資料時(shí) , 如果句子的內(nèi)容為不受時(shí)間影響的 普遍事實(shí) , 應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. 2. Among plant secondary metabolites terpenoids are a structurally most diverse group 3. Synthetic geic approaches often reveal potential interacting partners for any given target protein TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 介紹背景資料時(shí) ,如果句子的內(nèi)容是對(duì)某種 研究趨勢(shì) 的概述 , 則使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. The advances in molecular biology have greatly improved our understanding of plant responses to stresses. 2. DNA microarrays have long been the established technology for measuring gene expression levels 3. It has been known that the transverse orientation … is essential for normal cell morphogenesis TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 介紹背景資料時(shí) ,如果句子的內(nèi)容是對(duì)某種 研究趨勢(shì) 的概述 , 則使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 4, Water deficitinduced ABA accumulation is one of the most important stress signaling pathways in plant cells. Redox regulation of cellular signaling has currently attracted particular attention, but much less is known about its roles and mechanisms in plant signaling. Tense of Abstract 研究目的 : ?論文導(dǎo)向 ?研究導(dǎo)向 TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 在敘述研究目的或主要研究活動(dòng)時(shí) , 如果采用 “論文導(dǎo)向” , 多使用現(xiàn)在時(shí) (如 : This paper presents… ) 1. This article summarizes research on selfinitiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviors. 2. The paper aims to establish a feasible and meaningful method to describe … . 3. This review focuses on the contribution of electron techniques to our understanding of cellular processes TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 在敘述研究目的或主要研究活動(dòng)時(shí) , 如果采用 “ 研究導(dǎo)向 ” , 則使用過(guò)去時(shí) (如 : This study investigated… ) 1. This study investigated whether captopril could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients … . 2. Our aim was to explore the relationship between the response of antioxidant enzymes and temperature in the two invasive weeds 3. The present study investigated whether NO activity is involved in the signaling of droughtinduced protective responses TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 概述實(shí)驗(yàn)程序、方法時(shí) , 通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. We describe a new molecular approach to analyzing … . 2. We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a … detector 3. We report here that immature thymocytes lacking … . Tense of Abstract 材料與方法 : ?材料和方法介紹 ?具體行為動(dòng)作 TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 概述實(shí)驗(yàn)程序、方法時(shí) , 通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí) ,但描述的是具體已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為和動(dòng)作時(shí) ,用過(guò)去時(shí) 1. To investigate the mechanisms controlling flowering time, we screened for Arabidopsis mutants with lateflowering phenotypes. One mutant was identified with delayed flowering time. 2. A plant that is highly susceptible to this fungus was analyzed. Tense of Abstract 研究結(jié)果 : ?一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí) ?部分刊物主張用過(guò)去時(shí) TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 概述主要結(jié)果時(shí) , 通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. Our results indicate that p21 may be a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. 2. The results we obtained demonstrate that this technique … . 3. We present the results of two analyses of DNA sequences from … . TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 概述主要結(jié)果時(shí) , 但是也有相當(dāng)?shù)目镉眠^(guò)去時(shí) 1. The results showed that children’ s material needs and basic requirements … . 2. Multivariate analyses revealed very high geic correlations among the variables. Tense of Abstract 研究結(jié)論 : ?一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí) ?部分刊物主張用過(guò)去時(shí) ?特定情況下可以使用助動(dòng)詞和臆測(cè)動(dòng)詞 TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 敘述結(jié)論或建議時(shí) , 一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，特定情況下可以使用臆測(cè)動(dòng)詞或 may, should, could等助動(dòng)詞 1. We suggest that climate instability in the early part of the last interglacial may have delayed the meting of … . 2. Our data suggest that overexpression of the HbNHX1 gene could improve the tolerance of transgenic tobaccos to salt TENSE OF ABSTRACT ? 在結(jié)論中闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)通常有如下 5種情況 (1)如果觀點(diǎn)不是這篇文章最新提出的，通常要用 We confirm that?? (2)對(duì)于自己很自信的觀點(diǎn)，可用 We believe that ?? (3)通常，由數(shù)據(jù)推斷出一定的結(jié)論，用 Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that ?? (4) 在極其特別時(shí)才可用 We put forward(discover, observe) ?? for the first time來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的創(chuàng)新 ?? (5) 如果自己對(duì)所提出的觀點(diǎn)不完全肯定，可用 We tentatively put forward (interprete this to ?? ) The results may be due to (caused by) attributed to resulted from ?? This is probably a consequence of ?? It seems that ?? can account for (interpret) this ?? It is posible that it stem from ?? 如果通篇是類型 1)和 5)，那這篇文章的意義就大打折扣。如果全是 2)，肯定會(huì)遭到置疑。所以要仔細(xì)分析自己成果的創(chuàng)新性以及可信度。 摘要的人稱和語(yǔ)態(tài) 有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的作者和審稿人認(rèn)為 ， 科技論文的撰寫(xiě)應(yīng)使用第三人稱、過(guò)去時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 。 但調(diào)查表明 ， 科技論文中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用在 1920?1970年曾經(jīng)比較流行 ， 但由于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的表達(dá)更為準(zhǔn)確 ， 且更易閱讀 ， 因而目前大多數(shù)期刊都提倡使用主動(dòng)態(tài) ， 國(guó)際知名科技期刊 Nature、 Cell等尤其如此 ， 其中第一人稱和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用十分普遍。 摘要的常用句式 引言部分 ? 回顧研究背景 , 常用詞匯有 : review, summarize, present, outline, describe等 review evidence for this view of … . paper outlines some of the basic methods and discusses related theoretical and practical issues. summa