【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting. I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation Fig. 33 Manual Transmission 1shift mechanism。 2 shift forks。 3input shaft。 4output shaft。 5counter shaft ? A transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle. ? 譯文：變速器是一個(gè)安裝在汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和車輪間某個(gè)位置上的變換速度和動(dòng)力的裝置 。 II. Text Explanation ? Two types of transmission are the manual and the automatic . ? 譯文：變速器可以分為手動(dòng)式和自動(dòng)式兩種 。 II. Text Explanation ? The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism . ? 譯文：手動(dòng)式變速器由殼體、輸入軸及齒輪、輸出軸及齒輪、中間軸、倒檔齒輪、齒輪組和換檔裝置組成 。 II. Text Explanation ? The input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim . ? 譯文：輸入軸是鋼制的，與驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪和齒圈制成一體 。 II. Text Explanation ? The gear shift mechanism consists of a lever, shift rails, shift forks, retainers, locks and a reverse speed safety device. ? 譯文：齒輪換擋裝置包括換檔桿、撥叉軸、換檔撥叉、保持架、換檔鎖和倒檔安全裝置 。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ? parking or coasting ? neutral position ? tractive resistance ? counter shaft ? reverse gear ? splined portion of the shaft ? in the bore of the crankshaft ? reverse speed safety device ? shift lever ? spherical bulb ?停車或滑行 ?空擋位 ?牽引阻力 ?中間軸 ?反轉(zhuǎn)齒輪 ?軸的花鍵部分 ?曲軸孔內(nèi) ?倒檔速度安全裝置 ?撥叉軸 ?球形座孔 ?I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese. III. Exercises ? II. Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture. ? 1input shaft。 2sleeve。 3output shaft。 ? 4reverse shaft。 5idler shaft。 6gear ?III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words. ?As we know, an engine can (generate ) only limited torque at low speeds. Driving condition is very plicated and this requires the (tractive) effort and speed vary in a large scope. And without sufficient (torque), moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible. In any engine, the crankshaft always rotates in the same (direction ). If the engine (transmits) its power directly to the drive axles, the wheels could be (driven ) only in one direction. ?Given a level road, an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by (accelerating) the engine and (engaging) the clutch. However, a start under these conditions would be slow, (noisy ) and unfortable. In addition, it would place a (tremendous) strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile. ?IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any forward gear at any time, but some, such as those monly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, only allow the driver to select the nexthigher or nextlower gear ratio. ?Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission. ?Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse gear, although manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as eight gears. ?，允許司機(jī)隨時(shí)選擇任意前進(jìn)檔位，但也有例外，安裝在摩托車和某些賽車上的手動(dòng)變速器，只允許司機(jī)選擇次高檔或次低檔。 ?：傳動(dòng)比的選擇由安裝在變速箱內(nèi)部與輸出軸相連的特定齒輪副確定。 ?檔，齒輪數(shù)一般有二至八個(gè)。 ?V. Translate the following sentences into English. ?1. 變速器是用來改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸送到驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩，完成倒車和在汽車長時(shí)間停車或滑行時(shí)分離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的裝置。 ?2. 變速器中間軸齒輪與主動(dòng)齒輪是常嚙合的。 ?3. 換檔裝置通過變換齒輪嚙合，實(shí)現(xiàn)前進(jìn)檔、空檔和倒檔之間的變換。 ?1. The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting. ?2. The idler shaft gear and the driving gear are in constant mesh. ?3. The gear shift mechanism pletes the conversion among forward, neutral and reverse position to change gearing. Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit Three Automatic Transmission Contents I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ? How many main units is the automatic transmission divided into? What are they ? ? The automatic transmission is divided into five main units. ? They are plaary gear sets, the hydraulic system, seals and gaskets, the torque converter, the governor and the modulator or throttle cable. Diagram of car showing clutch location I. Prequestions ? What’s the function of plaary gear sets ? ? The plaary gear sets provides overdrive, reverse, forward reduction, neutral, and direct drive. I. Prequestions ? What’s the function of seals and gaskets in automatic transmission ? ? Seals and gaskets are used to keep the oil where it is supposed to be and prevent it from leaking out. I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation Plaary Gear System 1 pla gear。 2 sun gear。 3 ring gear。 4plaary carrier ? Automatic transmission is easy to manipulate in a crowded vehicle, they can greatly improve traffic safety and reliability. ? 譯文：自動(dòng)變速器很容易操縱，在車輛擁擠時(shí)，可大大提高車輛行駛的安全性及可靠性 。 II. Text Explanation ? The basic plaary gear set consists of a sun gear, a ring gear and two or more pla gears, all remaining in constant mesh . ? 譯文：基本的行星齒輪裝置由一個(gè)太陽輪、一個(gè)齒圈和兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)行星齒輪組成，所有元件之間保持常嚙合狀態(tài) 。 II. Text Explanation ? The torque converter can change the twisting motion of the engine crankshaft . ? 譯文：液力變矩器可以改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng) 。 II. Text Explanation ? The hydraulic system is a plex maze of passages and tubes that sends transmission fluid under pressure to all parts of the transmission a