【文章內容簡介】 e reach． 我們會做深入的調查，并且把我們的決定告訴您。 Customer： I shall be glad to hear from you． 我會很樂意聽到你們的決定。 Salesman： Thank you， byebye! 謝謝，再見 ! Customer： See you later． 再見． NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS： NOTES： NOTES： Section 3 Reading Materials of Automobile Maintenance 第三節(jié) 汽車維修資料選讀 Lesson One Engine Troubleshooting 第一課 發(fā)動機故障診斷與維修 Lesson Two Fuel Injection Manual 第二課 燃油噴射系統(tǒng)維修手冊 Lesson Three Automobile Testing Equipment 第三課 汽車檢測設備 Lesson One Engine Troubleshooting 第一課 發(fā)動機故障診斷與維修 Engine overheatin 發(fā)動機過熱 Cleaning the Cooling System 冷卻系的清洗 High Oil Consumption 機油消耗過多 LOW Oil Pressure 機油壓力過低 Chassis and Engine Vibration 底盤和發(fā)動機振動 Abnormal Engine Noises and their Causes 發(fā)動機異響及其原因 NEW WORDS AND EXPRKSSIONS： PHRASES Notes on the Text Engine overheatin 發(fā)動機過熱 There are many conditions of the automobile that result in overheating， and the degree of overheating is indicated by the temperature gauge on the instrument panel． Some conditions will cause only a slight change in the recorded temperature， other causes will result in a rapid rise in temperature and violent boiling of the coo1ant． Still others while causing only a slight increase in recorded temperature， while will be more noticeable in engine performance． 汽車在很多工況下都會有發(fā)動機過熱產(chǎn)生，此時的溫度會則在儀表板上的溫度表中顯示。有些工況會引起發(fā)動機溫度的微小變化，而另外工況則會引起發(fā)動機溫度迅速上升并使得冷卻水劇烈沸騰。同時也有些工況會對發(fā)動機溫度上升稍有影響，但對發(fā)動機性能影響會更顯著。 When troubleshooting the cause for overheating and consequent 1oss of Coolant， the 6rst step is to make careful visual inspection to see if there is any evidence of external 1eakage． A1l surfaces of the radiator and its hose connections should be carefully inspected． Leaks generally cause corrosion， which is easily seen． The Visual inspection also must include the cooling fan and its drive belt． It is not too unusual for cracks to form in the engine water jacket． When cracks occur， the condition is usually indicated by extreme overheating． The crack is often difficult to locate， because it is not always visible to the naked eye． The condition is also plicated by the fact that the crack usually will close when the engine is cold， and open only when the engine is at operating temperature． 當要查找引起發(fā)動機過熱和隨之而來的冷卻水喪失的原因時， 首先要進行仔細的外觀檢查，確保是否有外部泄漏問題。對散熱器的所有表面和軟管連接處進行仔細的檢查。冷卻水泄漏處通常有銹蝕，這容易被看到。同時也要對冷卻水風扇和驅動皮帶進行外觀檢查。發(fā)動機水套的開裂也偶爾存在。當開裂發(fā)生時，發(fā)動機就會表現(xiàn)出過熱。水套開裂一般很難被查找到，因為對肉眼而言通常是不可見的。發(fā)動機冷態(tài)時開裂處閉合，只有在發(fā)動機熱態(tài)時開裂處才開啟，所以尋找開裂處會很復雜。 冷卻系的清洗 High Oil Consumption Unless very severely clogged with rust and hard scale，cooling systems can be cleaned with special chemicals designed for the purpose． The procedure is to fill the system with water， then put in the chemical． The chemical，after dissolving the rust and scale， is flushed from the system． In severe cases of c1ogged radiators． it is necessary to remove them and have them cleaned by specialized equipment． 冷卻系內除非已被鐵銹和水垢嚴重堵塞，否則可以使用特殊的化學物質來清洗。先給冷卻系加注水，然后加入化學物質?；瘜W物質將鐵銹和水垢溶解，之后被水沖洗掉。散熱器嚴重阻塞時，可將散熱器拆卸，并用專門的設備對散熱器進行清理。 High Oil Consumption 機油消耗過多 Quite often high oil consumption is blamed on the piston rings． While worn piston rings and cylinder walls do cause increased oil consumption， there are a great number of other things that could be at fault， either singly or in bination． Worn valve guides are also a frequent cause of high oil consumption． When oil is being consumed by passing through the engine， it usually will cause heavy blue smoke to e from the exhaust， particularly after the engine has idled for several minutes． 通常認為機油消耗過多歸咎于活塞環(huán)?；钊h(huán)和氣缸壁的磨損確實會引起機油消耗過多，但還有很多其他零部件單獨或同時出現(xiàn)故障也導致機油消耗過多。氣門導管磨損也時常引起機油消耗過大。潤滑油竄到燃燒室燃燒時，通常會產(chǎn)生濃的藍煙從排氣管中排出，這種現(xiàn)象在發(fā)動機怠速了一段時間后更加明顯。 LOW Oil Pressure 機油壓力過低 In most cases of low oil pressure， the pressure is satisfactory when the engine is first started up， then it drops as the engine warms up． This condition is almost positive proof that excessive clearance exists at some point， or points， such as connecting rod bearings， main bearings， camshaft bearings， etc． When cold， the oil has thickened and does not flow as readily through the clearance． When the oil heats up and thins out， it flows through the worn bearings so fast that the pump cannot maintain sufficient pressure． 多數(shù)機油壓力偏低的情況是：發(fā)動機冷起動時，壓力合格，當發(fā)動機走熱后，壓力下降。這肯定說明在某處或多處間隙過大，如在連桿軸承、主軸承、凸輪軸承等地方。冷態(tài)時，機油粘度大，不容易流人這些間隙。機油溫度上升時，粘度下降，機油很快流人磨損的軸承，油泵不能維持足夠的油壓。 Chassis and Engine Vibration 底盤和發(fā)動機振動 Consider the case where there is a pronounced vibration in the car at a certain speed range． First of all it is necessary to determine whether the unbalance is in the engine or the chassis． Or both． If it is in the engine， or the parts that rotate with the engine， the vibration should occur at the critical engine speed when the car is not in motion． If it is in the chassis， it will occur only when the ear is operated at the critical speed． It is most likely to be found in the chassis， because the engine assembly is carefully balanced at the factory． Outofbalance tires and propeller shafts are the most mon causes of chassis vibration． 假如汽車在一定的速度范圍內產(chǎn)生明顯的振動。首先有必要 是發(fā)動機內還是底盤處或是兩者同時出現(xiàn)了不平衡。如果振動是在發(fā)動機內產(chǎn)生，則當汽車停止而零件隨著發(fā)動機旋轉時，振動應該在發(fā)動機的某個臨界轉速下產(chǎn)生。如果振動在底盤，則只有當汽車達到了某個臨界速度時發(fā)生。通常振動出現(xiàn)在底盤，因為發(fā)動機總成在出廠前已經(jīng)被仔細地平衡過。輪胎和傳動軸動不平衡是底盤振動的最常見原因。 Abnormal Engine Noises and their Causes 發(fā)動機異響及其原因 The following listing will point out the most mon causes of sound itself and what must be done to eliminate them． 下面列舉了產(chǎn)生各種異響的常見原因及其排除方法。 slap is a very mon noise most noticeable when an engine is cold． A piston that slaps against the cylinder wall produ