【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e reach． 我們會做深入的調(diào)查，并且把我們的決定告訴您。 Customer： I shall be glad to hear from you． 我會很樂意聽到你們的決定。 Salesman： Thank you， byebye! 謝謝，再見 ! Customer： See you later． 再見． NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS： NOTES： NOTES： Section 3 Reading Materials of Automobile Maintenance 第三節(jié) 汽車維修資料選讀 Lesson One Engine Troubleshooting 第一課 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障診斷與維修 Lesson Two Fuel Injection Manual 第二課 燃油噴射系統(tǒng)維修手冊 Lesson Three Automobile Testing Equipment 第三課 汽車檢測設(shè)備 Lesson One Engine Troubleshooting 第一課 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障診斷與維修 Engine overheatin 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過熱 Cleaning the Cooling System 冷卻系的清洗 High Oil Consumption 機(jī)油消耗過多 LOW Oil Pressure 機(jī)油壓力過低 Chassis and Engine Vibration 底盤和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng) Abnormal Engine Noises and their Causes 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)異響及其原因 NEW WORDS AND EXPRKSSIONS： PHRASES Notes on the Text Engine overheatin 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過熱 There are many conditions of the automobile that result in overheating， and the degree of overheating is indicated by the temperature gauge on the instrument panel． Some conditions will cause only a slight change in the recorded temperature， other causes will result in a rapid rise in temperature and violent boiling of the coo1ant． Still others while causing only a slight increase in recorded temperature， while will be more noticeable in engine performance． 汽車在很多工況下都會有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過熱產(chǎn)生，此時(shí)的溫度會則在儀表板上的溫度表中顯示。有些工況會引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度的微小變化，而另外工況則會引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度迅速上升并使得冷卻水劇烈沸騰。同時(shí)也有些工況會對發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度上升稍有影響，但對發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能影響會更顯著。 When troubleshooting the cause for overheating and consequent 1oss of Coolant， the 6rst step is to make careful visual inspection to see if there is any evidence of external 1eakage． A1l surfaces of the radiator and its hose connections should be carefully inspected． Leaks generally cause corrosion， which is easily seen． The Visual inspection also must include the cooling fan and its drive belt． It is not too unusual for cracks to form in the engine water jacket． When cracks occur， the condition is usually indicated by extreme overheating． The crack is often difficult to locate， because it is not always visible to the naked eye． The condition is also plicated by the fact that the crack usually will close when the engine is cold， and open only when the engine is at operating temperature． 當(dāng)要查找引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過熱和隨之而來的冷卻水喪失的原因時(shí)， 首先要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的外觀檢查，確保是否有外部泄漏問題。對散熱器的所有表面和軟管連接處進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的檢查。冷卻水泄漏處通常有銹蝕，這容易被看到。同時(shí)也要對冷卻水風(fēng)扇和驅(qū)動(dòng)皮帶進(jìn)行外觀檢查。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水套的開裂也偶爾存在。當(dāng)開裂發(fā)生時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就會表現(xiàn)出過熱。水套開裂一般很難被查找到，因?yàn)閷θ庋鄱酝ǔＪ遣豢梢姷?。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷態(tài)時(shí)開裂處閉合，只有在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱態(tài)時(shí)開裂處才開啟，所以尋找開裂處會很復(fù)雜。 冷卻系的清洗 High Oil Consumption Unless very severely clogged with rust and hard scale，cooling systems can be cleaned with special chemicals designed for the purpose． The procedure is to fill the system with water， then put in the chemical． The chemical，after dissolving the rust and scale， is flushed from the system． In severe cases of c1ogged radiators． it is necessary to remove them and have them cleaned by specialized equipment． 冷卻系內(nèi)除非已被鐵銹和水垢嚴(yán)重堵塞，否則可以使用特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來清洗。先給冷卻系加注水，然后加入化學(xué)物質(zhì)。化學(xué)物質(zhì)將鐵銹和水垢溶解，之后被水沖洗掉。散熱器嚴(yán)重阻塞時(shí)，可將散熱器拆卸，并用專門的設(shè)備對散熱器進(jìn)行清理。 High Oil Consumption 機(jī)油消耗過多 Quite often high oil consumption is blamed on the piston rings． While worn piston rings and cylinder walls do cause increased oil consumption， there are a great number of other things that could be at fault， either singly or in bination． Worn valve guides are also a frequent cause of high oil consumption． When oil is being consumed by passing through the engine， it usually will cause heavy blue smoke to e from the exhaust， particularly after the engine has idled for several minutes． 通常認(rèn)為機(jī)油消耗過多歸咎于活塞環(huán)?；钊h(huán)和氣缸壁的磨損確實(shí)會引起機(jī)油消耗過多，但還有很多其他零部件單獨(dú)或同時(shí)出現(xiàn)故障也導(dǎo)致機(jī)油消耗過多。氣門導(dǎo)管磨損也時(shí)常引起機(jī)油消耗過大。潤滑油竄到燃燒室燃燒時(shí)，通常會產(chǎn)生濃的藍(lán)煙從排氣管中排出，這種現(xiàn)象在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速了一段時(shí)間后更加明顯。 LOW Oil Pressure 機(jī)油壓力過低 In most cases of low oil pressure， the pressure is satisfactory when the engine is first started up， then it drops as the engine warms up． This condition is almost positive proof that excessive clearance exists at some point， or points， such as connecting rod bearings， main bearings， camshaft bearings， etc． When cold， the oil has thickened and does not flow as readily through the clearance． When the oil heats up and thins out， it flows through the worn bearings so fast that the pump cannot maintain sufficient pressure． 多數(shù)機(jī)油壓力偏低的情況是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷起動(dòng)時(shí)，壓力合格，當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)走熱后，壓力下降。這肯定說明在某處或多處間隙過大，如在連桿軸承、主軸承、凸輪軸承等地方。冷態(tài)時(shí)，機(jī)油粘度大，不容易流人這些間隙。機(jī)油溫度上升時(shí)，粘度下降，機(jī)油很快流人磨損的軸承，油泵不能維持足夠的油壓。 Chassis and Engine Vibration 底盤和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng) Consider the case where there is a pronounced vibration in the car at a certain speed range． First of all it is necessary to determine whether the unbalance is in the engine or the chassis． Or both． If it is in the engine， or the parts that rotate with the engine， the vibration should occur at the critical engine speed when the car is not in motion． If it is in the chassis， it will occur only when the ear is operated at the critical speed． It is most likely to be found in the chassis， because the engine assembly is carefully balanced at the factory． Outofbalance tires and propeller shafts are the most mon causes of chassis vibration． 假如汽車在一定的速度范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生明顯的振動(dòng)。首先有必要 是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)還是底盤處或是兩者同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了不平衡。如果振動(dòng)是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生，則當(dāng)汽車停止而零件隨著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，振動(dòng)應(yīng)該在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的某個(gè)臨界轉(zhuǎn)速下產(chǎn)生。如果振動(dòng)在底盤，則只有當(dāng)汽車達(dá)到了某個(gè)臨界速度時(shí)發(fā)生。通常振動(dòng)出現(xiàn)在底盤，因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成在出廠前已經(jīng)被仔細(xì)地平衡過。輪胎和傳動(dòng)軸動(dòng)不平衡是底盤振動(dòng)的最常見原因。 Abnormal Engine Noises and their Causes 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)異響及其原因 The following listing will point out the most mon causes of sound itself and what must be done to eliminate them． 下面列舉了產(chǎn)生各種異響的常見原因及其排除方法。 slap is a very mon noise most noticeable when an engine is cold． A piston that slaps against the cylinder wall produ