【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ight be expanding now but it could have been shrinking before and we just don’t know about it. The answer is that there is simply no known mechanism that could acplish this transition on a universal scale. Translation 8 第一條前面已經(jīng)討論過(guò)：宇宙的膨脹 。 宇宙在不斷地膨脹 ，所以過(guò)去一定比現(xiàn)在小 。 如果過(guò)去比較小 ， 很可能在某一時(shí)間它是無(wú)窮小的 。 可能有人會(huì)問(wèn)：為什么我們不可以理解成宇宙現(xiàn)在正在膨脹 ， 但過(guò)去可能一直在收縮 ， 只不過(guò)是我們不知道罷了 ？對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的回答是 ， 沒(méi)有任何已知的方法可以完成這種宇宙規(guī)模的轉(zhuǎn)化 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next 2. Text: Big Bang 24 focus1text 9 The second line of evidence is the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB), which was discovered in 1965 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson from Bell Labs. They were working with a microwave receiver used to municate with the Telstar satellite, but were getting noise from every direction they pointed the receiver. (To be continued) Translation 9 證據(jù)之二是宇宙微波背景輻射， 由貝爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室的阿爾諾 彭齊亞斯和羅伯特 威爾遜于 1965年發(fā)現(xiàn) 。 有一次 ， 他們正在操作一個(gè)用于與 “通訊星 ” 聯(lián)絡(luò)的微波接收器 ， 但是卻發(fā)現(xiàn) ， 無(wú)論將接收器指往哪個(gè)方向 ， 都會(huì)接收到噪音 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next Meaning: No matter which direction they pointed the receiver to, they always received noise. In this sentence, the preposition “to” is omitted. The plete sentence should be “… but were getting noise from every direction that they pointed the receiver to.” 2. Text: Big Bang 25 focus1text It was ing from all over the sky at what seemed to be exactly the same frequency. This was the first evidence for the CMB, and they later shared a Nobel Prize for this discovery. Translation 而噪音來(lái)自整個(gè)天空 ， 似乎他們的頻率都相同 ， 這是關(guān)于宇宙微波背景輻射存在的最初證據(jù) 。 后來(lái)二人因?yàn)檫@一發(fā)現(xiàn)而獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng) 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next Question about Para. 9 5. For what discovery did Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson win the Nobel Prize? The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB). 2. Text: Big Bang 26 focus1text 10 The CMB is an “echo” left over from when the universe was approximately 300,000 years old, as predicted by the Big Bang model. As something bees pressed, as matter was when the universe was young, it bees hot. The actual heat es from particles’ movements — the faster they move, the more energetic they are, and so the more heat we see. (To be continued) Translation 10 大爆炸理論斷定 ， 宇宙微波背景輻射是宇宙在大約 30萬(wàn)歲時(shí)留下的 “ 遺跡 ” 。 物體受壓縮會(huì)變熱， 而這正是宇宙年輕時(shí)物質(zhì)所處的情況 。 實(shí)際上 ， 熱量來(lái)自于粒子運(yùn)動(dòng) ——粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)得越快 ， 產(chǎn)生的能量就越大 ——我們感知的熱量就越多 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next Meaning: According to the Big Bang theory, the CMB reflects what the universe was like when it was about 300,000 years old. The literal meaning of echo is “repetition of a sound by reflection of sound waves from a surface”. But in this context, it denotes a repetition or an imitation (of the universe at the age of 300,000 years). Hence the word has been extended to mean “a remnant or vestige (殘留物 ， 遺留的痕跡 )”. . The archeologists found echoes of past civilizations while examining artifacts in the Middle East. Note that in this sentence, the first as introduces an adverbial clause of time modifying the main clause “it bees hot”. Also note that the second as is a conjunction, denoting parison. 2. Text: Big Bang 27 focus1text The universe was so hot before it was 300,000 years old that atoms could not form. Because of this, photons — particles of light — could not move around, for they kept reacting with electrons — the negatively charged parts of atoms. Translation 宇宙 30萬(wàn)歲前非常熱 ， 因此不能形成原子 。 由于這個(gè)原因 ， 光子 —— 即光粒子 —— 持續(xù)不斷地和電子即原子的負(fù)電荷發(fā)生反應(yīng)， 導(dǎo)致無(wú)法四處移動(dòng) 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next 2. Text: Big Bang 28 focus1text 11 Therefore, during this period, the universe was effectively opaque. Once the universe had reached 300,000 years old, atoms could form, and electrons were now bound to a nucleus. Once this happened, photons could move about freely. This “first light” is the CMB, and its existence is a very strong indication that the Big Bang occurred. Translation 11 因此 ， 這一時(shí)期的宇宙實(shí)際上是不透明的 。 一旦宇宙達(dá)到了 30萬(wàn)歲 ， 原子就能形成了 ， 而電子和原子核就束縛在一起 。 這時(shí)光子就可以自由移動(dòng)了 。 這個(gè) “ 原初之光” 就是宇宙微波背景輻射 ， 它的存在強(qiáng)有力地支持了宇宙大爆炸的發(fā)生 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next Question about Para. 11 be bound to: 受 ?? 束縛 ， 約束 . It is not bound to the ground, and is not directly affected by physical objects. 注意不要與固定搭配 be bound to（ 注定要 ， 肯定會(huì) ） 混淆 。 . When one is young, he believes he is bound to change the world。 when he grows to be an adult, he sees the world has changed. 2. Text: Big Bang 29 focus1text 6. When could photons move about freely? When the universe had reached 300,000 years old. 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next 2. Text: Big Bang 30 focus1text 12 The third major pillar of the Big Bang theory lies in the abundance of the different elements of the universe. The theory predicts that certain amounts of hydrogen, helium, and other elements should be made. Observations have shown almost exactly the amounts that are predicted. 13 The fourth piece is that the Big Bang theory is the only one that prehensively lays down a framework for the eventual evolution of the universe as we observe it today. Translation 12 宇宙大爆炸理論的第三個(gè)主要支撐點(diǎn)是宇宙間存在大量不同元素 。 大爆炸理論推測(cè)大爆炸時(shí)產(chǎn)生了一定量的氫 、 氦和其他元素 ， 而觀察到的元素?cái)?shù)量和推測(cè)的數(shù)量幾乎完全一致 。 13 證據(jù)之四 ， 正如我們今天觀察所得 ， 只有大爆炸理論為宇宙的最終演變?cè)O(shè)立了一個(gè)完整的框架 。 上海交通大 學(xué) 出版社 Back Next pillar: n. 1) [C] 核心 ， 基礎(chǔ) ， 支柱 . the central pillar of this theory 2) [C] 棟梁；主要支持者 . The young people will be the pillars of society. lay down: 規(guī)定 ， 制定；放棄 . The prices have been laid down by the manufacturers. The enemy troops were ordered to lay down their arms. 2. Text: Big Bang 31 ( ) 1. expand int