【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 2. 非限定動(dòng)詞 . 例如： She sings very well ） （ sing受主語(yǔ) she的限制 She wants to learn English well. （ to learn不受主語(yǔ) she的限制，沒(méi)有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。 ） ? 7． 2 限定動(dòng)詞和非限定動(dòng)詞 ? 從 是否被主語(yǔ)所限定 來(lái)分，動(dòng)詞有 限定動(dòng)詞 和 非限定動(dòng)詞 ? 1）限定動(dòng)詞 限定動(dòng)詞用作句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并被主語(yǔ)所限定，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。 ? 如： ? He is a tractor driver. （他是一個(gè)拖拉機(jī)手） ? We have friends all over the world. （我們的朋友遍天下） ? 2） 非限定動(dòng)詞 :在句子里都不能單獨(dú) ,作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故不被主語(yǔ)所限定，沒(méi)有 人稱(chēng)和數(shù) 的變化。如： ? I am pleased to meet you. （我很高興與你相識(shí)） ? Smoking is harmful to the health. （吸煙對(duì)身體有害） ? We are marching forward along the road pointed out by the Party. （我們正沿著黨指出的道路前進(jìn)）pointed 為分詞。 三種非限定動(dòng)詞 非限定動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 4. 做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法（指出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)詞，它受前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制） 動(dòng)詞會(huì)有三種形式： 1) 原型 (do) 2) 動(dòng)名詞 (doing) 3) 不定式 (to do) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 2) 用 動(dòng)名詞 ： a) like doing b) enjoy doing c) finish doing d) 介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞 be good at doing what about doing thank you for doing 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 3) 用 不定式 ： a) want to do b) decide to do c) plan to do d) would like to do e) learn to do f) tell sb. ( not) to do g) ask sb. (not) to do 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞加小品詞構(gòu)成的起 動(dòng)詞作用 的短語(yǔ)叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 。 例如： Turn off the radio. 把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。（ turn off是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種： 1） 動(dòng)詞 +副詞，如： black out； 2） 動(dòng)詞 +介詞，如： look into； 3） 動(dòng)詞 +副詞 +介詞，如： look forward to。 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為小品詞 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式及變化規(guī)則 1 原形 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 work works worked worked working write writes wrote written writing have has had had having do does did done doing 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)歌謠 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞用原型； 一般時(shí) 單數(shù)三人稱(chēng)， 動(dòng)詞加 “ s” 。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 動(dòng)詞加 “ ed”。 I work. He works. I worked. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) , 進(jìn)行時(shí) 例句： I am working. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) , am,is,are,ing。 was,were,ing。 例句： I was working. 將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)， would加原型。 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)， will加原型。 I will work. I would work. 完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)， have/has加過(guò)分。 I have worked. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)， had 加過(guò)分。 I had worked. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ： 經(jīng)常性 的 動(dòng)作 或 狀態(tài) 和 真理 。 :always,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/… boy usually___(get) to school early. gets ______(travel)faster than sound. travels 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 3. 動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要加 “ s” 1) work works 2) 輔音字母和“ y”結(jié)尾的詞，如 carry carries 3) 以 s、 x、 ch、 sh結(jié)尾的加“ es”，如 wash washes go goes do does have has twins ___________(wash) the clothes every day. he ________ (play) basketball over there. often ____ Sally ______(sing)? wash plays does sing 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式： ?肯定句：主語(yǔ) +be+表語(yǔ) 1. He is a worker. 2. You are thirteen. are in the classroom. ?否定句：主語(yǔ) +be+ not+表語(yǔ) is not a worker. 2. You aren’t thirteen. aren’t in the classroom. ?一般疑問(wèn)句： Be+主語(yǔ) +表語(yǔ) ? Is he a worker? 一 Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. 2一 .Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. ?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +be+主語(yǔ) ? What is he? How old are you? Where are they ? 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí) ： 過(guò)去 的 動(dòng)作 或 狀態(tài) 。 ： yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last night/week/month…,in the past； just now=a moment ago 點(diǎn)擊中考 Li Ming didn?t understand what American people said,_____? (2022北京市中考 ) ?t he he ?t he he ? b）動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則 規(guī)則變化 1．直接加 ed： work—— worked look——looked play——played, 2．以 e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加 d： live ——lived hope——hoped use——used, 3 以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾的，變 y為 i加 ed： study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried, 4 以元音字母 +y結(jié)尾的，直接加 ed： enjoy ——enjoyed play——played 5 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母 +ed：stop—— stopped plan——planned 動(dòng)詞 ed形式的構(gòu)成： 在動(dòng)詞后加 ed 以字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只 +d “ 輔音字母 +y ” ，變 y 為 i, 再 +ed 重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě) +ed want answer move die carry cry stop plan wanted moved died carried cried stopped planned answered get go eat are do cut say got gotten went gone ate eaten cut cut were been did done said said take swim drink have e put see took taken swam swum drank drunk put put had had came e saw seen 不規(guī)則變化： makemademade maymight meanmeantmeant meetmetmet mustmust paypaidpaid putputput writewrotewritten winwonwon 1. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn?t good enough at science. A. hoped。 would bee B. had hoped。 would bee C. had hoped。 will bee D. hope。 will bee 4. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn?t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. He