【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。　　Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活?！　) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he acplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。　　They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。　　Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來描述“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：　　1）“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：　　They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球?！　he is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學(xué)期論文?！　omeone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話?！　?）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說話的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：　　He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試作準(zhǔn)備?！　ow are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？　　3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：　　 He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。　　She is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。　　Are you feeling better today? （表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？　　One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。　　Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜歡） 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。　　4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , e , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：　　I39。m dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。　　An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報(bào)告?！　e are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假?！　re you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？ 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。由于它的定義是表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示“過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語。這個(gè)狀語可能是短語，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過上下文來表達(dá)這層意思。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中：　1）表示在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for ，我正在收拾東西去露營。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an ，她正在寫一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？　　2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。　　過去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動(dòng)感”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：　　One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來，切斷了電源……　　3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過去的未來時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：　　When National Day was ing near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .國慶節(jié)即將來臨的時(shí)候，他們開始制訂度假計(jì)劃。　　She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。　　My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友對(duì)我說，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯?！　e left there when it39。s getting dark. 天快黑的時(shí)候，我們離開了那兒。 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示：A）在將來某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：A）在將來某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：　　You can have a meeting in my office on Friday . I won39。t be using it. 星期五你可以在我的辦公室開會(huì)。那會(huì)兒我不用它?！　hat will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？It won39。t be long before that we will be making a new puter for more advanced calculation. 不久我們就要造一部新計(jì)算器進(jìn)行更高級(jí)的運(yùn)算。I can39。t go to the party tonight . I39。ll be seeing off a friend .今晚我不能參加聚會(huì)了。我要給一位朋友送行。B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：在這里，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣，而后者只表示動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來時(shí)間發(fā)生。We shall be meeting at the school gate .我們在校門口見面。What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？If you don39。t do so , you will be facing great 。Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒，會(huì)干擾你們嗎？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來說，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動(dòng)作都始于過去。其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時(shí)則只不過是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁。We haven39。t met for many years .我們已多年沒見了。They have developed a new product .他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動(dòng)作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？She has been to the United States. 她已去美國了。You have grown much 。3）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he jo