【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉?！　henever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無(wú)論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活?！　) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he acplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完?！　hey knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。　　Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽(tīng)眾仍不肯離去。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來(lái)描述“說(shuō)話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：　　1）“說(shuō)話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：　　They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球?！　he is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學(xué)期論文?！　omeone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽(tīng)電話?！　?）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：　　He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試作準(zhǔn)備?！　ow are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？　　3）表示說(shuō)話人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：　　 He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己?！　he is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的?！　re you feeling better today? （表示親切）你今天覺(jué)得好一些嗎？　　One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西?！　ome sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜歡） 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品?！　?）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , e , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：　　I39。m dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯?！　n American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國(guó)教授要來(lái)作報(bào)告?！　e are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假?！　re you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。由于它的定義是表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示“過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)可能是短語(yǔ)，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表達(dá)這層意思。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中：　1）表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for ，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an ，她正在寫一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？　　2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動(dòng)感”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：　　One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源……　　3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過(guò)去的未來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：　　When National Day was ing near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .國(guó)慶節(jié)即將來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，他們開始制訂度假計(jì)劃?！　he told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。　　My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友對(duì)我說(shuō)，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯?！　e left there when it39。s getting dark. 天快黑的時(shí)候，我們離開了那兒。 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示：A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：　　You can have a meeting in my office on Friday . I won39。t be using it. 星期五你可以在我的辦公室開會(huì)。那會(huì)兒我不用它?！　hat will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？It won39。t be long before that we will be making a new puter for more advanced calculation. 不久我們就要造一部新計(jì)算器進(jìn)行更高級(jí)的運(yùn)算。I can39。t go to the party tonight . I39。ll be seeing off a friend .今晚我不能參加聚會(huì)了。我要給一位朋友送行。B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：在這里，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣，而后者只表示動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生。We shall be meeting at the school gate .我們?cè)谛ｉT口見(jiàn)面。What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？If you don39。t do so , you will be facing great 。Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒，會(huì)干擾你們嗎？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過(guò)去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動(dòng)作都始于過(guò)去。其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來(lái)的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只不過(guò)是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁(yè)。We haven39。t met for many years .我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。They have developed a new product .他們研制成功了一種新產(chǎn)品。2）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？She has been to the United States. 她已去美國(guó)了。You have grown much 。3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he jo