【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 的假象讓考生懷疑自己是否漏讀了原文的相關(guān)信息。破解方法仍然是準(zhǔn)確定位。（2）常識(shí)錯(cuò)位：干擾項(xiàng)是一些基本常識(shí)和我們對(duì)社會(huì)、生活等方面一些問(wèn)題的一般看法和認(rèn)識(shí)，雖然符合客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，但并非文章所提及的。此類干擾項(xiàng)很容易導(dǎo)致粗心錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法符合我們的一般認(rèn)識(shí)，使得干擾項(xiàng)先入為主，誤導(dǎo)了判斷，忽略了要從原文驗(yàn)證。謹(jǐn)防喧賓奪主，越俎代庖 癥狀將一些常識(shí)帶入思考，放松、甚至忘記了一切答案要以原文為依據(jù)。 特別提示：留意不需看原文就能自圓其說(shuō)的選項(xiàng)，這些選項(xiàng)通常為高度疑似錯(cuò)誤答案，需要提高警惕。(3) 偷梁換柱： 這是細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)最常見(jiàn)的方法，是大多數(shù)同學(xué)由于粗心失分的地方。干擾項(xiàng)利用了原文的一部分結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，但在一些位置換掉個(gè)別詞，造成了語(yǔ)義的變化。特別提示：要留意選項(xiàng)各個(gè)句子成分是否與原文表述的意義一致。地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，方式，程度 (副詞)，性質(zhì) (如形容詞)，甚至是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)（都可能被偷換掉。根本解決方法是細(xì)心求證選中的答案是否經(jīng)得起原文的考驗(yàn)。細(xì)節(jié)題不要跟著感覺(jué)走！ 不能只憑一個(gè)單詞的印象就選擇答案！ 必須去原文核實(shí)選項(xiàng)的每一個(gè)成分！ Example 1： Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where puters create a virtual or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (從業(yè)者). 　　With virtual reality we39。ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench, said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with puters. 　　The puters would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the . The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (頭盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. 　　Although Satava39。s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. …… 　37. Richard Satava has visions of_____. 　　A) using a remotecontrol technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas 　　B) wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield 細(xì)節(jié)陷阱: 方式、位置 　　C) wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons 　　D) setting up mobile surgical units overseas Example 2: Such acceptance of munity responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals　in Japan have resigned when heir students mitted major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a pany gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of munity and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. 22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to ________. A) apologize promptly for your subordinates39。 mistakes B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary D) create a strong sense of　pany　loyalty （4）推理題和細(xì)節(jié)題里的推理類選項(xiàng) （1）夸大后果：對(duì)于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度（比如后果）進(jìn)行了夸大處理。3．主旨類題目： 主旨?xì)w納題 （1）以偏概全：在概括文章或段落大意時(shí)，用某一個(gè)段落的觀點(diǎn)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文主要觀點(diǎn)、中心思想的選項(xiàng)。也就是歸納概括的范圍不足。 （2）主題擴(kuò)大：歸納概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)了文章討論的東西，與主旨大意是包含關(guān)系。 態(tài)度語(yǔ)氣題 干擾選項(xiàng)通常說(shuō)法片面或偏激。六級(jí)閱讀所選文章通常是理性的說(shuō)明和論證，具有較強(qiáng)邏輯性，作者對(duì)于所討論專題的態(tài)度不會(huì)是極其偏激的。如目前只作為干擾項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)的有arbitrary（武斷的），subjective（主觀的），prejudiced（有偏見(jiàn)的）, indifferent等。而經(jīng)常成為正確選項(xiàng)的有concerned, objective. 四、基本技能再回顧及應(yīng)用要求： 1。一定要控制自己不看原文直接選擇答案的沖動(dòng)！ 2。寫(xiě)出每一個(gè)題目里面的錯(cuò)誤類型。 下面的各篇文章題目對(duì)我們以上講過(guò)的干擾選項(xiàng)的所有情形包含在內(nèi)了。要小心應(yīng)付。 Passage I. In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn39。t any crime to worry about. Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world39。s biggest munity. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up homes without fitting locks to their doors. SATAN can try out a variety of wellknown hacking (黑客的) tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle (闖入……行竊). But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder. So is the Net being more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the Web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your puter. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage. But let39。s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world39。s biggest (almost) crimefree society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn39。t much to steal. Or because vandalism ( 惡意破壞) isn39。t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone. Whatever the reason, let39。s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to bee the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for. 21. By saying “... owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors (Lines 34, Para. 2), the author means that _____. A) those happy times appear still to be with us 干擾伎倆: 答非所問(wèn)+偷換范圍 B) there simply wasn39。t any crime to worry about 照抄原句 直接排除 C) many sites are not wellprotected D) hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in 偏離定位句子，偷梁換柱。 破解思路：答案推理需結(jié)合已通讀部分（第一、二段首句）和文章主線（網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全）。 對(duì)比喻的理解，找出本體和寓體，然后對(duì)照寓體的性質(zhì)判斷本體的性質(zhì)。千萬(wàn)不能直接選擇字面意思！ 22. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer can be used ____________. A) to investigate the security of Internet sites B) to improve the security of the Internet system C) to prevent hackers from breaking into websites D) to download useful programs