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from the desert with the flick of a switch.Building a starship, by 2100 Dr. Mason peck, Cornell University Can we ever visit the stars? Unfortunately the stars are so distant that it would take more than 70,000 years for our rockets to reach the nearest. But peck believes that the first starship might actually be a tiny puter chip the size of your fingernail. With very little energy, it may be possible to send millions of such puter chips into space traveling at nearly the speed of light. If only a handful reached their target, that would be sufficient to radio back valuable information. He envisions hurling millions of chips around the planet Jupiter, where its enormous magnetic field would accelerate them to “a few thousand miles a second, a noticeable fraction of the speed of light. In the future I don’t see any limit. There is no reason why they can’t approach the speed of light.”Beating cancer, by 2100Leroy Hood, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle Today, if you feel a tumour in your breast, you may already have ten billion cancer cells growing there. But in the future, DNA chips inserted in your toilet may analyze proteins emitted from perhaps a few hundred cancer cells, ten years before a tumour forms. The world “tunour” could disappear from the English language. Monitoring of health will also be transformed. Hood writes: “It’s June 2018. Sally picks up a handheld device and holds it to her finger. With a tiny pinprick it draws off a droplet of blood, makes 2,000 different measurements and sends the data to a distant puter for analysis… Nanosize devices will measure thousands of blood elements and DNA sequencers decode individual human genomes rapidly. In addition, scientists have created “nanoparticles”, tiny molecules that seek out and destroy individual cancer cells, behaving like smart bombs. In some trails they have killed 90 percent of cancer cells, which would revolutionize treatment.Merging with robots, by 2100Rodney Brooks, MIT Most robots today, such as the Roomba Vacuum cleaner, have the intelligence of a cockroach. But, in years to e, robots may reach the intelligence of a mouse, then a dog or cat, then a monkey. At that point they might be dangerous. Some fear the day when robots even surpass us in intelligence and bee a threat. There is a suggestion that we should put chips in their “brains” that would shut them off should they, for example, have murderous thoughts. But others say, why not merge with your robots? This is the vision of Brooks, the former director of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He says