【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ular Average) A term used in marine insurance policies to indicate that while the underwriter is unwilling to assume liability for ordinary partial losses due to the peculiar qualities of the particular article or to its form of package, he is willing to bear partial losses, the direct result of stranding, sinking, burning, collision, or other named peril 平安險(xiǎn)12. War Risk: The possible aggressive actions against a ship and its cargo by a belligerent government. This risk can be insured by a marine policy with a risk clause. 戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)13. Strike， riots and civel motion ：（.）An insurance clause referring to loss or damage directly caused by strikers, lockedout workmen, persons participation in labor disturbances, and riots of various kinds. The ordinary marine insurance policy does not cover this risk。 coverage against it can be added only by endorsement. 罷工、暴動(dòng)、民變險(xiǎn)14. Claim : an assertion of a right (as to money or property) 索賠15. Disputes: dispute is a mencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with, argues against, or debates the accepted knowledge or opinion. 爭議16. Penalty: the act of punishing 罰金條款17. Arbitration: (law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties 仲裁18. Force Majeure: all events which are beyond the control of the Parties to this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable, and which arise after the Effective Date and Which prevent total or partial performance by and Party. 不可抗力19. Arbitral tribunal: An arbitral tribunal (or arbitration tribunal) is a panel of one or more adjudicators which is convened and sits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration. 仲裁庭20. Arbitration Clause: Is a standard clause to be included in the contracts of exporters and importers, as suggested by the American Arbitration Association. It states that any controversy or claim will be settled by arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. 仲裁條款21. Certificate of origin: A statement signed by the exporter, or his agent, and attested to by a local Chamber of Commerce, indicating that the goods being shipped, or a major percentage of them, originated and were produced in the exporter39。s country 產(chǎn)地證明書22. Inspection certificate: A document certifying that merchandise (such as perishable goods) was in goods condition immediately prior to shipment. 品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書23. WTO ： (World Trade Organization) an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international 24. IMF ： (International Monetary Fund) an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments. 國際貨幣基金組織25. EFTA ： (European Free Trade Association)a European trade bloc which was established as an alternative for European states who did not join the thenEuropean Economic Community. 歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟26. AFTA： (ASEAN Free Trade Area) a trade bloc agreement by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations supporting local manufacturing in all ASEAN 27. JCCT ： (ChinaUS Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade)中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會(huì)28. NAFTA： (North American Free Trade Area) a trilateral trade bloc in North America created by the governments of the United States, Canada, and 29. UNCTAD ： (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development 30. GATT ： （General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) the oute of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO).關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定四、貿(mào)易價(jià)格術(shù)語1. stocks [mass noun]the capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares資本，股本2. cash sale A legal term denoting a mercantile transaction in which title to merchandise passes when the buyer pays the 3. purchase the acquisition of something for payment。購買,進(jìn)貨4. bulk sale sometimes called a bulk transfer, is a sale of goods by a business that represents all or substantially all of its inventory to a single buyer unless such a sale would be mon in the ordinary course of its business. 整批銷售，躉售 5. distribution channels Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of marketing mix. An organization or set of organizations (gobetweens) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business 6. wholesale historically called jobbing, is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, to industrial, mercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated 7. retail trade Retailing consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a department store or kiosk, or by post, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the 8. hirepurchase method of buying something by paying over an extended period分期付款購買 9. exclusive right In AngloSaxon law, an exclusive right is a de facto, nontangible prerogative existing in law (that is, the power or, in a wider sense, right) to perform an action or acquire a benefit and to permit or deny others the right to perform the same action or to acquire the same 10. unfair petition Commercial conduct that