【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 College of Harbin Medical University 37 作物和農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)、獸藥殘留超標(biāo) “ 菜籃子 ” 的化學(xué)安全性問(wèn)題以農(nóng)藥和獸藥殘留、環(huán)境污染物和真菌毒素等的污染較為突出 Agriculture, veterinary drug residues exceeding Chemical safety issues of “vegetable basket“ Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 38 五 傷害納入疾病控制刻不容緩 Injury into the Centers for Disease Control urgent 全世界每年有 700萬(wàn)人 死于傷害和暴力 包括傷害在內(nèi)的非傳染 性疾病的疾病負(fù)擔(dān) ， 將由 1990年的 55%上升到2020年的 73% 700 million people worldwide each year die from injuries and violence Increased year after year the burden of disease Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 39 我國(guó)傷害死亡率為65/10萬(wàn)，每年大約有 80萬(wàn)人死于各類傷害 Injury mortality in China is 65/100 thousands, 800 thousands people die from different kinds of injury. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 40 六 青春期衛(wèi)生面臨的挑戰(zhàn) The challenge of adolescent health 青少年經(jīng)歷 身體發(fā)育方面的突飛猛進(jìn) 一系列復(fù)雜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程 心理社會(huì)發(fā)展 Youth experience Physical development in leaps and bounds A series of plex process of growth and development Psychosocial development Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 41 青少年經(jīng)歷幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題 接受身體在形態(tài)和功能上的明顯變化 確定和完善自己的性別身份 了解自己性生理和心理發(fā)展，使之向健康正常的成熟目標(biāo)發(fā)展 Several key issues Morphological and functional changes Improve the gender identity Understand physiological and psychological development Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 42 明白人際關(guān)系的意義，既善于和同性相處，也要學(xué)會(huì)與異性友好往來(lái) 建立社會(huì)認(rèn)同能力，為獨(dú)立做好準(zhǔn)備 Understand the significance of relationships, do friendly contact with person both same and different gender. Ability to establish social identity, to prepare for independent work. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 43 七 老齡化 Aging 我國(guó) 1999年進(jìn)入年齡結(jié)構(gòu)老齡化階段 目前 60歲及其以上老年人口已達(dá) ， 占全國(guó)總?cè)丝?%， 并以年均 %的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng) In 1999 into the aging stage of the age structure The elderly population aged 60 and above continue to grow Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 44 2025年 60歲老年人口可達(dá) ，占總?cè)丝诘?%， 2050年將達(dá)到 4億左右 人口老齡化發(fā)展的不同階段將出現(xiàn)老年人口快速增長(zhǎng)期 、 高齡老年人口快速增長(zhǎng)期 、農(nóng)村老齡化加速期 In 2025 and 2050 the number of elderly population aged 60 reach (%) and billions The rapid increasing stage in aging at different stages of development, elder and raging population increased quickly . Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 45 ? 對(duì)全球人口老齡化帶來(lái)巨大影響 ? 對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政治 、社會(huì) 、 文化發(fā)展帶來(lái)深刻的影響 ? The enormous impact to global aging ? A profound impact on economic, political and culture of China Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 46 AIDS As of 2022 the cumulative reported infections The current infections Expected infections by 2022 八 艾滋病與結(jié)核病 AIDS and tuberculosis 艾滋病 截止 2022年 12月 ， 我國(guó) 累 積 報(bào) 告 感 染 者30736例 ， 其 中 病例1594例 ， 死亡 808例 目前感染者人數(shù)約為85萬(wàn)人 ， % 預(yù)計(jì)到 2022年感染人數(shù)將達(dá) 1000萬(wàn)人 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 47 結(jié)核病 我國(guó)屬于 22個(gè)結(jié)核病高負(fù)擔(dān)國(guó)家之一 結(jié)核病人數(shù)位于世界第二位 現(xiàn)有活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核 451萬(wàn) 2022年活動(dòng)性肺 TB患病率為 367/10萬(wàn) Tuberculosis One of the highburden countries Second place in the world The current active pulmonary tuberculosis Active pulmonary TB prevalence rate in 2022 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 48 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 49 第三節(jié) 全球衛(wèi)生策略和初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健 Global health policy and primary health care Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 50 人人享有衛(wèi)生保健的基本含義 初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健的概念 新公共衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動(dòng) The basic meaning of access to health care for all The concept of primary health care The new public health campaigns Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 51 人們?cè)诠ぷ骱蜕顖?chǎng)所都能保持健康 人們將運(yùn)用更有效的辦法去預(yù)防疾病 ， 減輕疾病或傷殘帶來(lái)的痛苦 ，并且通過(guò)更好的途徑進(jìn)入成年 、 老年 ， 最后安樂(lè)地死去 Be able to stay healthy in live and work place Use more effective approaches and through better means to prevent disease, reduce the bit brought by disease and disability, enter adult, old in better way and die peacefully 一 人人享有衛(wèi)生保健的基本含義 The basic meaning of access to health care for all Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 52 全體社會(huì)成員均勻地分配 衛(wèi)生資源 所有個(gè)人和家庭，通過(guò)自身充分地參與，將享受到初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健 人們將懂得自己有力量擺脫可以避免的疾病，贏得健康，并且明白疾病不是不可避免的 An even distribution of health resources in all member of society Enjoy primary health care by all person and family through self participate People know they have the power to avoidable disease, to win health, and understand that disease are inevitable. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 53 二 初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健的概念 The concept of primary health care 應(yīng)用切實(shí)可行、學(xué)術(shù)可靠又受社會(huì)歡迎的方法和技術(shù)，并通過(guò)社區(qū)的個(gè)人和家庭積極參與而達(dá)到普及，其費(fèi)用也是社區(qū)和國(guó)家依靠自力更生原則精神能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的一種基本的衛(wèi)生保健形式 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 54 Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the munity through their full participation and at a cost that the munity and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their