【正文】 16 農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生工作的指導(dǎo)思想 The guiding ideology of the rural health work ―從農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展實(shí)際出發(fā) ， 深化農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生體制改革 ， 加大農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生投入 ， 發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用 ， 加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控 ， 優(yōu)化衛(wèi)生資源配置 ， 逐步縮小城鄉(xiāng)衛(wèi)生差距 ，堅(jiān)持因地制宜 ， 分類指導(dǎo) ， 全面落實(shí)初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健發(fā)展綱要 ， 滿足農(nóng)民不同層次的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生需求 ， 從整體上提高農(nóng)民的健康水平和生活質(zhì)量 。 ” Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 17 農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生工作的目標(biāo) Goal of rural health work ―根據(jù)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)第三步戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的總體要求 ， 到 2022年 ， 在全國(guó)農(nóng)村基本建立起適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平的農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系和農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度 。 and 1/5 of 2022 The average life expectancy increased 12 years based on 2022 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 58 主要任務(wù) 落實(shí)疾病預(yù)防控制措施 ， 重點(diǎn)控制傳染病 、 地方病 、 寄生蟲病 、 職業(yè)病和其他重大疾病 ， 加強(qiáng)精神衛(wèi)生工作 ， 防止各種意外傷害 。 ? The aim of crowd policy is that make the whole population to decrease the exposal level of risk factors of disease Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 80 ? 高危策略旨在消除具有某些疾病的危險(xiǎn)因素人群的特殊暴露，它是通過健康保護(hù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的 ? the aim of high risk of policy is that eliminate the special exposal to risk factor of some disease by health protection. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 81 方法 （ Methods） ? 普查 ? 篩檢 ? 定期健康檢查 ? 設(shè)立專門的防治機(jī)構(gòu) ? Census ? Screening ? Regular health examination ? Set up special prophylactictherapy institutes Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 82 二級(jí)預(yù)防 （ secondary prevention） ? 定義 ： 又稱 “ 三早 ” 預(yù)防，即早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療，是防止或減緩疾病發(fā)展采取的措施。 It also called clinic prophylaxis that can prevent disability and promote recovery of function and increase survival quality and prolong lifetime and decrease fatality rate. it is mainly consist of symptomatic treatment convalescent care. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 84 三級(jí)預(yù)防與疾病自然史的關(guān)系 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 85 哥倫比亞的社區(qū)預(yù)防 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 86 第五節(jié) 疾病監(jiān)測(cè) （ disease surveillance ） 一 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的定義 二 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的種類 三 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的幾個(gè)概念 四 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的內(nèi)容和方法 ? definition of disease surveillance ? category of disease surveillance ? concepts of disease surveillance ? contents and methods of disease surveillance Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 87 五 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) 六 信息技術(shù)在監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用 七 行為學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)和二代監(jiān)測(cè) ? disease surveillance system ? information technology of application in the surveillance ? ethological surveillance and bibasic surveillance Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 88 一 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的定義 definition of disease surveillance 長(zhǎng)期、連續(xù)、系統(tǒng)地收集疾病的動(dòng)態(tài)分布及其影響因素的資料，經(jīng)過分析將信息上報(bào)和反饋，傳達(dá)給所有應(yīng)當(dāng)知道的人，以便及時(shí)采取干預(yù)措施并評(píng)價(jià)其效果 Data about dynamic distribution and risk factor of disease are collected. Then the analysis of the data are reported and feedback municated to the people who should know the results so that we can adopt the measures of interference and evaluate the effect. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 89 二 疾病監(jiān)測(cè)的種類 The category of the disease surveillance 傳染病監(jiān)測(cè) （ contagious disease surveillance ） Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 90 ? 世界衛(wèi)生組織將 瘧疾、流行性感冒、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、流行性斑疹傷寒和回歸熱 為國(guó)際監(jiān)測(cè)的傳染病。三級(jí)預(yù)防可以防止傷殘和促進(jìn)功能恢復(fù)，提高生存質(zhì)量，延長(zhǎng)壽命，降低病死率。 預(yù)防 、 管理慢性非傳染性疾病 ， 做好老年保健 . Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 59 The main task ?The implementation of disease prevention and control measures, focus on infection diseases, endemic diseases, parasitic disease, occupational disease, and importance disease, Strengthen the metal health work, prevent different accident, stabilization of EPI coverage, enhance the coverage of modern methods to control TB． prevention, management of chronic nonmunicable diseases. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 60 提高鄉(xiāng) 、 村衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)常見病 、 多發(fā)病的診療水平 ， 規(guī)范醫(yī)療服務(wù)行為 ， 為農(nóng)村居民提供安全有效的基本醫(yī)療服務(wù) Improve the diagnosis and treatment level of mon disease in health institute in rural area , regulate medical services, to provide safe and effective basic medical service Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 61 加強(qiáng)對(duì)孕產(chǎn)婦和兒童的管理 ， 提高農(nóng)村孕產(chǎn)婦住院分娩率 ， 穩(wěn)步降低孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率和嬰兒死亡率 ， 改善兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況 ， 不斷提高婦女兒童健康水平 To strengthen the management of pregnancy maternal and child, continuously improve the delivery rate in hospital, decreasing the maternal and infant mortality, improve the health situation of children, increase the level of health care for maternal and children. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 62 加大農(nóng)村改水 、 改廁力度 ， 提高農(nóng)村自來水及農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生廁所普及率 ，結(jié)合小城鎮(zhèn)和文明鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)建設(shè) ， 創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn) ，改善農(nóng)村居民的勞動(dòng)和生活環(huán)境 Create a health towns, improve working and living environment Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 63 開展健康教育和健康促進(jìn) ， 積極推進(jìn)全國(guó)億萬農(nóng)民健康促進(jìn)行動(dòng) ， 提高農(nóng)村居民基本衛(wèi)生知識(shí)知曉率和中小學(xué)健康教育開課率 ， 倡導(dǎo)文明健康的生活方式 ， 增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村居民的健康意識(shí)和自我保健能力 ， 促進(jìn)人群健康相關(guān)行為的形成 Carry out health education and health promotion, advocate a civilized and healthy lifestyle Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 64 依法加大對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生 、藥品和健康相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的監(jiān)督力度 ， 控制危害農(nóng)村居民健康的主要公共衛(wèi)生問題 ， 努力抓好食品衛(wèi)生 、 公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生和勞動(dòng)衛(wèi)生 Intensify supervision on public health, medicine, and health related products, control the main public health problem threaten the health of rural residence according to law, do effort to manage