【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 w the virtue of this approach and formed the original members of AIMBE. Today, its 17 society members work to establish a clear and prehensive identity for the field of medical and biological engineering, and improve intersociety relations and cooperation within the field of medical and biological engineering. The earliest academic programs began to take shape in the 1950s. Their establishment was aided by Sam Talbot of Johns Hopkins University, who petitioned the National Institutes of Health for funding to support a group discussion of approaches to teaching biomedical engineering. Ultimately three universities were represented in these discussions: The Johns Hopkins University, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Rochester. These three institutions, along with Drexel University, were among the first to win important training grants for biomedical engineering from the National Institutes of Health. In 1973, discussions started about broadening the base of Pennsylvania’s graduate Department of Biomedical Electronic Engineering by including other activities and adopting and undergraduate curriculum. Its present graduate program is an extension of the earlier one. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, development at other institutions followed similar paths, but occurred more rapidly in most cases due to the growing opportunities of the field and in response to the important NIH initiative to support the development of the field. The earlier institutions were soon followed by a second generation of biomedical engineering programs and departments. These included: Boston University in 1966。 Case Western 5 Reserve University in 1968。 Northwestern University in 1969。 Carnegie Mellon, Duke University, Renssselaer and a joint program between Harvard and MIT[4] in 1970。 Ohio State University and University of Texas, Austin, in 1971。 Louisiana Tech, Texas Aamp。M and the Milwaukee School of Engineering in 1972。 and the University of Illinois, Chicago in 1973. 一步統(tǒng)一,美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)和生物工程研究所成立于1992年。AIMBE誕生于意識(shí)到傘組織需要解決問(wèn)題的公共政策和公共和專(zhuān)業(yè)教育,包括這些工程科學(xué)。十個(gè)社會(huì)看到這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),形成了原始AIMBE的成員。今天,17個(gè)社會(huì)成員努力”建立一個(gè)清晰的和全面的醫(yī)學(xué)和生物工程領(lǐng)域的身份,并改善intersociety合作關(guān)系在醫(yī)學(xué)和生物工程領(lǐng)域”。最早的學(xué)術(shù)項(xiàng)目在1950年代開(kāi)始成型。他們的建立是在約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的薩姆塔爾博特的幫助下,他請(qǐng)求美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的資金支持生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程教學(xué)方法的小組討論。最終三所大學(xué)在這些討論代表:約翰霍普金斯大學(xué),賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)和羅徹斯特大學(xué)的。這三個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),隨著德雷塞爾大學(xué),是首批獲得重要的培訓(xùn)基金從美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程。1973年,開(kāi)始討論擴(kuò)大賓夕法尼亞的基礎(chǔ)生物醫(yī)學(xué)電子工程系畢業(yè)的包括其他活動(dòng),采用和本科課程。目前的研究生課程是早期的一種擴(kuò)展。在1960年代末和1970年代初,發(fā)展其他機(jī)構(gòu)沿著這條路走下去,但發(fā)生更快在大多數(shù)情況下,由于日益增長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì),為了應(yīng)對(duì)重要NIH行動(dòng)來(lái)支持這一領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。早些時(shí)候機(jī)構(gòu)很快就接著第二代生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程項(xiàng)目和部門(mén)。包括:波士頓大學(xué)。1966年5凱斯西儲(chǔ)大學(xué)。1968年西北大學(xué)。1969年卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué),杜克大學(xué),Renssselaer和哈佛和麻省理工學(xué)院聯(lián)合項(xiàng)目[4]。1970年俄亥俄州立大學(xué)和德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀。1971年路易斯安那理工大學(xué),德克薩斯Aamp。M大學(xué)和密爾沃基工程學(xué)院。1972年1973年芝加哥和伊利諾斯州大學(xué)的。 The number of departments and programs continued to rise slowly but steadily in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1992, The Whitaker Foundation initiated large grant programs designed to help institutions establish or develop biomedical engineering departments or programs. Since then, the numbers of departments and programs have risen to more than 90. Some of the largest and most prominent engineering institutions in the country, such as the Georgia Institute of Technology, have established programs and emerged as leaders in the field. Many other new and existing programs have benefited from the foundation’s support. A major development took place in late 2000 when President Clinton signed a bill creating the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the NIH. According to NIBIB’s website, its mission is to improve health by promoting fundamental discoveries, design and development, and translation and assessment of technological capabilities. The Institute coordinates with biomedical imaging and bioengineering programs of other agencies and NIH institutes to support imaging and engineering research with potential medical applications and facilitates the transfer of such technologies to medical applications. The newest of the NIH institutes, NIBIB spent much of 2001 building program and administrative staff, preparing a budget request, setting up office space, determining funding and grant identification codes and procedures, and identifying program (research, training, and munication) focus areas and opportunities. NIBIB assumed administration of the NIH39。s Bioengineering Consortium (BECON) in September 2001, and awarded its first research grant in April 2002. 部門(mén)和項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)緩慢但穩(wěn)步在1980年代和1980年代初。1992年,惠特克基金會(huì)發(fā)起大型格蘭特計(jì)劃旨在幫助機(jī)構(gòu)建立或發(fā)展生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程部門(mén)或項(xiàng)目。從那時(shí)起,部門(mén)和項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量已經(jīng)上升到超過(guò)90人。一些最大和最著名的工程機(jī)構(gòu),如美國(guó)喬治亞理工學(xué)院(Georgia Institute of Technology),建立了項(xiàng)目和領(lǐng)域成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。許多其他新的和現(xiàn)有項(xiàng)目受益于基金會(huì)的支持。一個(gè)主要的發(fā)展發(fā)生在2000年晚些時(shí)候,克林頓總統(tǒng)簽署了一項(xiàng)法案創(chuàng)建國(guó)家生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像和生物工程研究所美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院。根據(jù)NIBIB的網(wǎng)站,它的使命是“改善健康通過(guò)促進(jìn)基本發(fā)現(xiàn),設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā),和翻譯和技術(shù)能力評(píng)估”。生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像和生物工程研究所坐標(biāo)與項(xiàng)目的其他機(jī)構(gòu)和國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院機(jī)構(gòu)支持成像和工程研究與潛在的醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用和促進(jìn)這些技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用上的轉(zhuǎn)移。最新的美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院的機(jī)構(gòu),NIBIB 2001建設(shè)項(xiàng)目和行政人員,大部分時(shí)間都在準(zhǔn)備預(yù)算要求,建立辦公空間,確定資金和格蘭特識(shí)別代碼和程序,并確定項(xiàng)目(研究、培訓(xùn)和交流)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和機(jī)會(huì)。NIBIB認(rèn)為政府的美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院生物工程協(xié)會(huì)(BECON)2001年9月和2002年4月首次獲得科研資助。 Lesson 2 What is a Biomedical Engineer? A Biomedical Engineer uses traditional engineering expertise to analyze and solve problems in biology and medicine, providing an overall enhancement of health care. Students choose the biomedical engineering field to be of service to people, to partake of the excitement of working with living systems, and to apply advanced technology to the plex problems of medical care. The biomedical engineer works with other health care professionals including physicians, nurses, therapists and technicians. Biomedical engineers may be called upon in a wide range of capacities: to design instruments, devices, and software, to bring together knowledge from many technical sources to develop new procedures, or to conduct research needed to solve clinical problems. 生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程師使用傳統(tǒng)的工程技術(shù)在生物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題,提供一個(gè)衛(wèi)生保健的整體提高。學(xué)生選擇生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程領(lǐng)域服務(wù)的人來(lái)說(shuō),參加工作與生活系統(tǒng)的興奮,并將先進(jìn)的技術(shù)應(yīng)用到醫(yī)療保健的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程師的工作與其他衛(wèi)生保健專(zhuān)業(yè)人員包括醫(yī)生、護(hù)士、理療師和技術(shù)人員。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程師可能要求在范圍廣泛的能力:設(shè)計(jì)工具,設(shè)備和軟件,匯集知識(shí)外,還可以從許多技術(shù)資源開(kāi)發(fā)新程序,或進(jìn)行研究需要解決的臨床問(wèn)題。What are Some of the Specialty Areas?