sociolinguistics(編輯修改稿)
2025-08-20 15:03 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ations between language and society。 (2).the study of characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their social functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech munity。 (3). It also studies the influence of the essence and differentiations of society on language (. How to distinguish a person?s status in his social class by groups, religion, gender, educational level, age, ethnic origin, etc. which he belongs to.) On the whole, sociolinguistics, drawing upon the theories and methods of different aspects of social sciences( such as sociology, anthropology, ethnography, psychology, geography, history, etc.), studies and researches language, and its social essence and differentiations, as well as its social factors. The Study Scopes of Sociolinguistics 社會(huì)語言學(xué)的研究范圍：一般而言，包括以下幾個(gè)方面 : 1）一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)的語言狀況如雙言制（ diglossia）、雙語、多語或多方言狀況； 2）各種語言變體包括地域方言和社會(huì)方言（ social dialect或 sociolect）、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語和土語（ vernacular）、正式語體（ formal style）和非正式語體（ informal style）等構(gòu)造特點(diǎn)及其社會(huì)功能； 3）交談情景與選擇語碼之間的關(guān)系以及語碼選擇與人際關(guān)系的相互作用； 4）社會(huì)以及不同的集團(tuán)對各種語言或語言變體的評價(jià)和態(tài)度以及由此產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)效應(yīng)； 5）由于社會(huì)的、文化的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的種種原因以及語言接觸所引起的語言變化的方式和規(guī)律，等等。 對社會(huì)本質(zhì)的研究包括： 語言的社會(huì)本質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)及其規(guī)律 語言、意識(shí)、社會(huì)在起源上的相互關(guān)系 民族語言和民族形成的關(guān)系 民族共同語的形成與社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系 語言演變與社會(huì)演變的關(guān)系 對語言差異的研究包括： 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語 [standard languages] 與方言 [dialects]、行話[jargons]的差異 。語言變異 [language variation]、言語變體[speech varieties]、語域 [registers] 。 洋涇浜語 {pidgins]、奧里克爾語 (混合語） [creoles]。 雙語現(xiàn)象 [diglossia]、雙言制[bilingualism]，等等。 Several Terms In Sociolinguistics 1. Speech Community（言語社區(qū)）： It refers to the social group that is singled out for any special study. For general linguistics, a speech munity is defined as a group of people who form a munity and share the same language or a particular variety of a language. (. a village, a region, a nation, etc.) 2. Speech Variety（言語變體）： It refers to any distinguishable
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