sociolinguistics(更新版)
【正文】 at cuts across regional differences； it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. 7). Standard dialect:（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言） It is a particular variety of a language in that it is not related to any particular group of language users, but it is the variety which any member of a speech munity can possibly use regardless of his social and geographical backgrounds, his gender and age (. Putonghua in China, General American in the United States). 8). Registers： ( 語(yǔ)域） It refers to the type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation.（語(yǔ)域是指由于交際場(chǎng)合情景不同而產(chǎn)生的不同程度的語(yǔ)言變體）。 United Kindgom William Labov The first one to put into practice the area of sociolinguistics in the United States. Peter John Trudgill Later in the United Kingdom ? The British plement for the secular linguistics of Labov. The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich (1971) Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English (1972) AREAS AND SCOPES OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS The study areas of sociolinguistics include: (1). the study of the relations between language and society。 Almeida, 2022). “Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.” (Hudson) Characteristics of Sociolinguistics (Campoy, 1993) ? A science, which is concerned with the relationship between language and society. ? A branch of Linguistics. ? It considers that language is a social and a cultural phenomenon. ? It studies language in its social context, in real life situations by empirical investigation. ? It is related to methodology and contents of social sciences. 2. DEVELOPMENT AND MAIN REPRESENTATIVES ORIGINS: Saussure’s amp。 對(duì)社會(huì)本質(zhì)的研究包括： 語(yǔ)言的社會(huì)本質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)及其規(guī)律 語(yǔ)言、意識(shí)、社會(huì)在起源上的相互關(guān)系 民族語(yǔ)言和民族形成的關(guān)系 民族共同語(yǔ)的形成與社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系 語(yǔ)言演變與社會(huì)演變的關(guān)系 對(duì)語(yǔ)言差異的研究包括： 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ) [standard languages] 與方言 [dialects]、行話[jargons]的差異
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