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nnels The macroscopic sodium current Summation of 300 recordings 1. Individual channels are either open or closed (no partial openings) 2. Each channel opening is only a brief event pared to the total duration of the whole cell voltagedependent sodium current. 3. Channel opening and closing is variable in duration and latency. 4. The overall probability of channel opening is similar to the total sodium current. Look at the sum of the currents from 300 trials. 5. Sometimes an individual channel doesn’t open even once. Summation of 300 recordings Properties of individual voltagedependent sodium channels The macroscopic sodium current 1. Individual channels are either open or closed (no partial openings) 2. Each channel opening is only a brief event pared to the total duration of the whole cell voltagedependent sodium current. 3. Channel opening and closing is variable in duration and latency. 4. The overall probability of channel opening is similar to the total sodium current. Look at the sum of the currents from 300 trials. 5. Sometimes an individual channel doesn’t open even once. 6. Second openings are rare (because of inactivation) Summation of 300 recordings Properties of individual voltagedependent sodium channels The macroscopic sodium current Slowly inactivating K current channel (Ram amp。 Dagan, 1987) 1. Individual channels are either open or closed (no partial openings). Sometimes more than one channel is in a patch. 2. Each channel opening is only a brief event pared to the total duration of the whole cell