【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 rsity is a defining feature of human civilization. Respecting the independence and development of different cultures and strengthening cultural interflows and cooperation is essential to upholding cultural diversity in the world.7）我們要堅持相互尊重、增加互信、求同存異。We should increase mutual trust on the basic of mutual respect, seeking men ground while putting aside differences.8) 母親打算帶女兒到公園里去走走。The mother was going to take her daughter to the park for a walk.9） Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past singlestoried homes until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.卡萊爾大街往西伸展，越過一座黑色的大橋，爬下山岡又爬上去，經(jīng)過許多小鋪和肉市，又經(jīng)過一些平房，然后突然朝著一大片綠色草地中止了。3. 英語前重心；漢語后重心在長句中和復(fù)合句中，英語的主要部分和主句，一般放在句首，即重心在前。而漢語則一般按照邏輯和時間順序，將主要的部分放在句尾，形成后重心。例如：10）我每天早晨七點乘公共汽車上班。I go to work by bus at seven every morning.11）他不來，我不走。 I won’t go unless he es.14 / 139 (I will stay until he es.)12） 鈴聲一響，就不要再寫了。 Stop writing when the bell rings.13) He has to stay at home because he is ill. 他病了只得呆在家里。4. 英語重后飾；漢語重前飾英語與漢語就句子的邏輯中心而言，前者慣于前置， “先聲”奪人；后者善于后移， “后發(fā)”制人。英漢在修飾語（定語和狀語）的位置處理上存在著一個顯而易見的差異。英語修飾若為短語或分句，則往往置于被修飾的成分之后。漢語的修飾語無論是詞、短語或是句子，其位置一般總是處于被修飾成分之前。13) It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias.借助于想象與持不同偏見的人進行辯論，是一個很好的辦法。14) I was, to borrow from John，the spy who was to stay out in the cold.借用約翰的話來說，我成了一個被打入冷宮的間諜了。15) Milton’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the brief silence. 彌爾頓富有感染力的笑聲打破了短暫的靜默。16) Fossils are early plants or animals once buried in the earth, now hardened like rock.化石是過去埋在地下，現(xiàn)在已像巖石一樣硬化了的植物和動物。5. 英語重物稱；漢語重人稱英語的物稱傾向十分明顯，最顯見于對主語的擇定。英語常選擇不能施行動作或無生命的詞語做主語。相對而言，漢語一般更習(xí)慣于人稱化的表達，尤其是主語，能施行動作或有生命的物體為主語之首選。17) With most of the old Chrysler management replaced, a Fort engine now powers Chrysler.15 / 139原克萊斯勒公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子的大多數(shù)成員都已撤換，現(xiàn)在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)克萊斯勒的是一名來自福特公司的人。18）A wave of cigar smoke acpanied Simon in. 西蒙進門時帶進一縷雪茄煙霧。19）An idea suddenly struck him. 他突然想起了一個主意。20）Her illness kept her in hospital four weeks. 她因病在醫(yī)院住了四個星期21）Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.這位飽嘗辛酸者卻讓全世界的人發(fā)出笑聲。22) Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position.農(nóng)民缺乏訓(xùn)練，許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)效率低，這就使得大多數(shù)農(nóng)民處于貧窮的困境6. 英語多被動；漢語多主動英語多見被動句式與其物稱傾向不無關(guān)聯(lián)。充任主語的詞既然有大量“無靈”物稱，其被動句式則有了繁衍的前提，反之，漢語具有人稱傾向，自然采用更多主動句式。23) 我們在發(fā)展進程中遇到的矛盾和問題，無論是規(guī)模還是復(fù)雜性都是世所罕見的。The problems and difficulties that we encounter in the course of development are rarely seen elsewhere in terms of their scale and plexity24) 為了規(guī)范外國企業(yè)常駐代表機構(gòu)的設(shè)立及其業(yè)務(wù)活動，制定本條例。The regulation shall be formulated for the purpose of regulating the establishment and business activities of resident offices of foreign enterprises.25） The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our pla is seldom appreciated.16 / 139海洋學(xué)是人們認識星球的關(guān)鍵，而其重要性卻并非人人都知曉。26） Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.有些書淺嘗則可，有些書吞食則可，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。（大家認為李先生是位好老師。Mr. Li is considered to be a good teacher.）7．英語多長句；漢語多短句英語各種替代詞與關(guān)系詞的廣泛運用，導(dǎo)致英語較多出現(xiàn)“多枝共干”式長句，復(fù)合句。而漢語則相反，多用短句，簡單句。27）后院墻下，忽開一溪，得泉一脈，灌入墻內(nèi)，繞階緣屋至前院，盤旋竹下而出。Through a footwide opening below the back wall flowed a brook which wound past the steps and the lodge to the front court before meandering out through the bamboos. 28) 中國西部地域遼闊，人口眾多，山河壯美，資源富集，與周邊 14 個國家接壤，發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。Western China, with its vast landmass, large population, beautiful landscape and rich resources, borders 14 countries and has a great potential for development. 29) Williams sunk his dishonest gains into the village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, its central area of green grass, rows of hedges, and its fantastic view of rolling fields and forests disappearing on the horizon. 威廉姆斯將不法收入投進了那座讓他心儀的村莊：精致的石屋農(nóng)舍，茵茵的村中綠地，一排排籬笆，以及連綿起伏延至天際的原野森林，其景美不勝收。What is Translation?1．Definition of Translation “To translate is to change into another language, retaining the sense.” 17 / 139——Dr. Samuel Johnson “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” ——Eugene A. Nida2．Basic Requirements of Translation1) The Translation should give a plete transcript of the ideas of the original work.2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.3) The translation should have all the ease of original position.——Alexander Fraser Tytler1) A translation must give the words of the original.2) A translation must give the ideas of the original.3) A translation should read like an original work.4) A translation should read like a translation.5) A translation should reflect the style of the original.6) A translation should possess the style of the translator.7) A translation should read as a contemporary of the original.8) A translation should read as a contemporary of the translator.18 / 1399) A translation may add to or omit from the original.10) A translation may never add to or omit from the original.——Theodore Horace Savory3．Conflicts and Solution faithful vs. beautiful。 literal vs. free form vs. content“By general consent, though not byuniversal practice, the prime merit of a translation proper is Faithfulness, and he is the best translator whose work is nearest to his original.”——J. P. Postgate“The translation should be as literal as possible, and as free as necessary.” ——Peter NewmarkAvoid either overtranslation (added details) or undertranslation (added abstraction)4. How to Be a Good Translator 1) Proficiency in Chinese and English 2) General knowledge and knowledge in a special field 3) Unde