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實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)在振動(dòng)的環(huán)境下工作,因此采用彈性聯(lián)軸器。在從減速電機(jī)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩 Nm,故聯(lián)軸器輸入的轉(zhuǎn)矩為206 Nm查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)(新版)》第三卷選取ML系列梅花型彈性聯(lián)軸器(GB/T52722002),型號(hào)為ML6,其相關(guān)參數(shù)見(jiàn)表51表51 ML6相關(guān)參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)矩(Nm)轉(zhuǎn)速n (r/min)軸孔直徑軸孔長(zhǎng)度YJZLL400610040424811284112查機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) P149 表471選擇的是彈性柱銷(xiāo)聯(lián)軸器HL4:公稱(chēng)轉(zhuǎn)矩: Nm允許轉(zhuǎn)速:4000 r/min選?。汗ぷ髑闆r系數(shù) 動(dòng)力機(jī)系數(shù) 起動(dòng)系數(shù) 溫度系數(shù) Nm (51)柱銷(xiāo)中心分布圓直徑: mm (52)柱銷(xiāo)直徑: mm (53)柱銷(xiāo)長(zhǎng)度: mm (54)柱銷(xiāo)數(shù):聯(lián)軸器的外徑: mm (55) 第六章 夾具的設(shè)計(jì)由于減振器種類(lèi)太多,導(dǎo)致活塞桿的尺寸不一,夾具的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)具有通用性。并且裝夾盡量要方便快捷,同時(shí)要滿(mǎn)足國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。夾具主要由上橫梁擋板、夾具體下座、夾緊襯套、定位銷(xiāo)、連接螺栓、頂止凸輪、鎖止螺母組成。把夾具的夾具體下座以及上蓋做成一個(gè)因定直徑的通徑,與外徑相同內(nèi)徑不同的銅合金調(diào)整套配合使用,這樣對(duì)于不同的件只需更換調(diào)整套即可,另一個(gè)影響實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要因素是試件外伸長(zhǎng)度,不同型號(hào)的試件其實(shí)驗(yàn)中臂長(zhǎng)度也不同。夾具把夾具體下座做成燕尾形放入實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)的槽內(nèi),使其可以在試件的軸向上運(yùn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)調(diào)定好試件懸臂長(zhǎng)度以后,由下端凸輪鎖止裝置頂死,并用鎖止螺母鎖止,防止其在實(shí)驗(yàn)中因振動(dòng)松脫。見(jiàn)圖61。 圖61 夾具示意圖第七章 減振器試驗(yàn)臺(tái)機(jī)構(gòu)誤差分析,加力機(jī)構(gòu)由電動(dòng)機(jī)、偏心輪、滑塊及連動(dòng)桿組成,用于加力于減振器的活塞桿,使其往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。減振器活塞應(yīng)按簡(jiǎn)諧規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律一般采用長(zhǎng)連桿的曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。曲柄轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生正弦波S=sinωt (71)其速度特性V=dS/dt=Aωcosωt (72)阻尼力P=KV=KAωcosωt (73)阻尼力與位移函數(shù)為(S/A)+(P/KAω)=1 (74)式中ω為曲柄轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的角速度ω,n為電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速,K為粘滯阻力系數(shù)。信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)傳感器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換等裝置進(jìn)入測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的軟件分析系統(tǒng),從而繪制出示功圖()。在示功圖中,阻力是位移的二次函數(shù),示功圖是兩個(gè)扣在一起的拋物線。由式4)可以看出,示功曲線是一個(gè)橢圓方程,由于復(fù)原阻力大壓縮阻力小,因此圖中上半部比較飽滿(mǎn),下半部比較扁平。 減振器機(jī)械部分示功圖,其位移和速度可用如下函數(shù)表示: S1=A[1cosωt+] (75)V1=Aω[sinωt+] (76)式中S1———位移,mmA———振幅,mmω———角頻率(rad/s),ω=2πf,f為頻率,Hzλ———曲桿比,λ=A/LV1———速度,m/s將式(1)和(5)及式(2)和(6)。顯然機(jī)構(gòu)誤差包括位移誤差、速度誤差和相位誤差,并且誤差隨曲桿比變化而有所變化。顯然隨曲桿比的減少機(jī)構(gòu)誤差降低。但是根據(jù)人機(jī)工程原理,由于整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的限制杠桿比不能太小。,因此由機(jī)構(gòu)誤差造成的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的差異則不容忽視。 示功圖第八章 結(jié)論我所設(shè)計(jì)的是基于動(dòng)平衡減振器試驗(yàn)臺(tái),通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展情況,和學(xué)校實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)物的觀察,對(duì)其運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律以及各部件之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)和連接關(guān)系有了一定的了解。通過(guò)對(duì)減振器速度試驗(yàn)臺(tái)曲柄—連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)平衡分析,確定了平衡塊的質(zhì)量和位置,消除了系統(tǒng)整體慣性力,為確保該試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的性能提供了保障。實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)本身由一些簡(jiǎn)單、典型的部件和總成組成。用曲柄連桿滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)把電機(jī)傳來(lái)的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛瑝K的往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng),同時(shí)考慮到傳動(dòng)軸的長(zhǎng)度,故采用梅花型彈性聯(lián)軸器連接,并安裝兩個(gè)軸承支座來(lái)支撐傳動(dòng)軸。以一個(gè)拉壓復(fù)合彈簧實(shí)現(xiàn)正反載荷的交變作用,由于彈簧是軟連接,為防止運(yùn)動(dòng)方向產(chǎn)生改變,采用導(dǎo)軌對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)加以限制,來(lái)保證始終做垂直往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。用更換調(diào)整套的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)不同型號(hào)活塞桿的測(cè)試,而夾具也是可以隨意調(diào)整,來(lái)滿(mǎn)足不同活塞桿的實(shí)驗(yàn)要求。為保證實(shí)驗(yàn)要求,通過(guò)力的傳感器來(lái)測(cè)試其實(shí)際加載載荷的大小。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]曾慶東.《機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)減振器設(shè)計(jì)》.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000.[2]:機(jī)床與液壓,.[3],.[4]成大先.《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》.北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,1999[5]長(zhǎng)春汽車(chē)研究所.《汽車(chē)試驗(yàn)技術(shù)手冊(cè)》(下).長(zhǎng)春:吉林科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1998.[6] 閆桂榮,陳建明,1994.[7] QC/T 5451999《汽車(chē)筒式減振器臺(tái)架實(shí)驗(yàn)方法》;[8] QC/T 4911999《汽車(chē)筒式減振器尺寸系列及技術(shù)條件》。[9] 汽車(chē)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編(第四卷).中國(guó)汽車(chē)技術(shù)研究中心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化所,1990[10] 徐繼. 筒式減震器. 汽車(chē)與配件, 1982,(04)[11] 唐通鳴. 汽車(chē)減震器扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞試驗(yàn)機(jī)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì). 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造工程, 1998,(06)[12] 試驗(yàn)技術(shù)與試驗(yàn)機(jī)2004年總索引. 試驗(yàn)技術(shù)與試驗(yàn)機(jī), 2004,(Z2)[13] 彭觀明, 張愛(ài)梅. 簡(jiǎn)式液壓減震器試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介. 摩托車(chē)技術(shù), 2008,(12)[14] 包鐵成, 趙濤. 減震器測(cè)試在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制中的作用. 摩托車(chē)技術(shù), 2005,(03)[15] 馮雪梅, 汪偉, 劉佐民. 阻尼器試驗(yàn)中的數(shù)據(jù)處理. 湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004,(03)[16] [D].長(zhǎng)沙:中南大學(xué),2003.[17] Thomas Szirtes, 曹元彪. 正確選用阻尼器. 礦山機(jī)械, 1990,(03)[18] Manufacturing Systems Engineering[M].,1993.[19] Eureka .Bearing cross bears the load[M]..致謝本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在XXX老師精心指導(dǎo)和大力支持下完成的。XXX老師以其嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)的治學(xué)態(tài)度、高度的敬業(yè)精神、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、孜孜以求的工作作風(fēng)和大膽創(chuàng)新的進(jìn)取精神對(duì)我產(chǎn)生重要影響。他淵博的知識(shí)、開(kāi)闊的視野和敏銳的思維給了我深深的啟迪。同時(shí),在此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中我也學(xué)到了許多了關(guān)于微生物發(fā)酵方面的知識(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)技能有了很大的提高。大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生活中,XXXX學(xué)院各位老師在學(xué)業(yè)上給我的指導(dǎo),尤其是各位老師一絲不茍的治學(xué)風(fēng)范對(duì)我的影響很大;在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,各位老師給予了大力的支持和幫助,并就設(shè)計(jì)中的部分問(wèn)題和處理方法共同進(jìn)行了有益的探討,在此一并向他們致以誠(chéng)摯的謝意!在此也對(duì)審閱和評(píng)議本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)及答辯老師和教授致以崇高的敬意和誠(chéng)摯的感謝!最后,對(duì)在大學(xué)期間關(guān)心與幫助過(guò)我的其他所有人表示感謝!、附錄一Hydraulic shock absorber test bench and applied research on the transformation PrefaceHydraulic shock absorber, vehicle suspension system ponents in the main damping, The quality of their performance is directly related to vehicle safety and fort. Hydraulic shock absorber by the performance of the main characteristics that, Characteristics of the shock absorber shock absorber means with relative movement of the displacement or relative velocity with the corresponding resistance resulting from the work of the relationship between, The relationship between these two indicator known as the shock absorber characteristics and speed characteristics. Shock absorber to improve the performance, To ensure the quality, In addition to advanced design, production process, Means of modern management, As well as advanced test and test equipmentTo detect characteristics of the shock absorber with the design requirements, Commonly used testbed general hydraulic shock absorber for dualcolumn structure, The lower cost structure, Small footprint. Jiangxi, a shock absorber in accordance with the requirements of the production plant, In its original twocolumn structure of the hydraulic shock absorber on the basis of testbed transformation. The redesign of the puter detection system, And the application of the shock absorber shock absorber test bench analysis of the quality of the process methodology. This article describes the main technical.1 Testbed design of the puter detection system1 ? 1 System ComponentsImposed on the shock absorber test bed approach is inspired in its one end to impose similar to simple harmonic movement, In this study, using a simple structure, Easy to implement on the heart of the crank linkage system as an incentive. According to the original testbed instability detection system performance, Graphic distortion characteristics and the speed the more serious the situation is not convenient, The redesign of the puter detection system, System Components Figure 1, The system uses microputer as the main monitoring and control machines, Optional PS2112 16 Road, A / D conversion board and travel as a shock absorber damping force of the two ADC signal, The converter board is programmable interface board, Its resolution of 12, Conversion time of about 25μs, Of 5 ~ +5 V analog signal for analogtodigital conversion, Systematic error of less than 0 ? 1%, to ensure that the detection accuracy. Shock absorber damping force sensor using strain la (pressure) force sensor, Can be used for different force sensor to change the measuring range, Can be used for different force sensor to change the measuring range, Stra