英漢語言十大差異(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-25 05:40 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 with all the sensations that I have ever felt．譯文：每次看病的診斷似乎都和我所有的感覺完全相符。英語The diagnosis seems in every case，漢語每次看病的診斷；英語all the sensations that I have ever felt，漢語我所有的感覺。 is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias．譯文：借助于想象與持不同偏見的人進行辯論，是一個很好的辦法。英語an argument with a person having a different bias，漢語與持不同偏見的 人進行辯論。3I couldn’t beat a boy who hadn’t got a relation in the world and whose father had left him to me because he thought I’d be kind to him. 譯文：一個舉目無親的孩子，而且他父親當(dāng)初認為我會對他好，才將他托付給我，我總不能打他吧。（2）（鋪陳 平淡）修辭方面。漢語用詞多華麗，英語用詞求簡潔。漢語行文講究聲律對仗，用字凝煉含蓄、追求工整勻稱，音韻和美。從下面這段記載端午節(jié)龍舟賽的文字，就很容易看出漢語描寫景物時那種瀟灑自如，托物寄情的強烈主觀情感色彩。輕快的龍舟如銀河流星、瑰麗的彩船似海市蜃樓，兩岸那金碧輝煌的彩樓連成一片水晶宮，是仙境？是夢境？仰視彩鴿翩飛，低眸漂燈流霓，焰火怒放樹銀花，燈舞回旋千姿百態(tài)，氣墊船騰起一江春湖，射擊手點破滿天彩球，跳傘健兒綻放空中花蕾，搶鴨勇士譜水上凱歌……啊，（某某）城是不夜城，龍舟會是群英會。 如果將這段話譯成英語時，照搬漢語修辭手法，一定會讓英語讀者難以理解。請看下面的譯文： The lightsome dragonboats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle in the Milk Way. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendent awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairyland or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling are the lanterndancers, who present you a variation of exquisite manner. Over there the motorboats are plowing the water, thus a tide stirs up. Over there, the marksmen are shooting to their targets, thus colorful beads whirl around. Therefore, we should say that this is a city of no light。 and its Dragon Boat Festival a gathering of heroes. 這樣照原文直譯的譯文，不符合英文的表達習(xí)慣，也很難在英語讀者中產(chǎn)生共鳴。英文表達重形式、重寫實、重理性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)嚴整、表達思維縝密、行文注重邏輯性、用詞強調(diào)簡潔自然、描寫突出直觀可感。于是有 Brevity is the soul of proper word in a proper place is good English. 之說。漢語中華麗的詞藻往往無多大實際意義，大多出于講究聲韻對仗、渲染情感氣氛或順應(yīng)漢語行文習(xí)慣方面的考慮。翻譯時必須根據(jù)英語表達習(xí)慣，去掉那些不必要的“溢美之詞”，保持譯文簡潔直觀。不妨看看以下這個譯例： 當(dāng)你步入溝中，便可見林中碧海澹蕩生輝，瀑布舒灑碧玉。一到金秋，滿山楓葉絳紅。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，樹綠花艷……，四時都呈獻出它的天然原始，寧靜幽深?！渡裨捠澜缇耪瘻稀稭ystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine. The trees are in their greenest in spring when intensified by colourful flowers. In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lakelands. As summer merges into autumn, the maples trees turn fiery red. Splashing color through the thick forest hills…Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year. 在這里譯者打破了原文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式，調(diào)整了語序，擺脫了原文修辭風(fēng)格的束縛，去掉了不必要的溢美之詞，大膽地用簡潔練達的英語，直觀具體地將原文所描寫的景物表達出來。 漢英修辭差異的另一個特點是，漢語多用修飾語，英語則慎用修飾語?，F(xiàn)代漢語好用雙音節(jié)詞和四字詞語，在表現(xiàn)形式上追求形式整齊、字詞對稱。如英語說He is good to me. 漢語是“他對我很好?！睗h語習(xí)慣在“好”前加“很“，讀起來較順口。要說某物“完好”，就會用四字詞語“完好無缺”、“完好無損”。漢語的這種表達習(xí)慣常造成詞語堆砌，同義重復(fù)和修飾語濫用。而英語恰恰相反，十分忌諱同義重復(fù)和修飾語濫用。因此，漢語讀起來很順口的詞語，直接轉(zhuǎn)成英語就不順了，漢譯英時如果按漢語思維習(xí)慣處理，譯文就會讓人不忍卒讀。例如，每個會議召開，我們總愛說“勝利召開”，直譯成英語是successfully convened, 可是英語讀者一定會以為會議之前有不少阻礙，所以才這么說?！皬氐追鬯椤敝弊g就是thoroughly smash，難道“粉碎”了，還不算徹底嗎？“不切實際的幻想”直譯就是impractical illusi
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