【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 idered wrong to steal someone else’s password or to read some else’s . It’s also considered unacceptable in college classes for a student to download a term paper off the Internet and pretend that he or she wrote it. This is called “plagiarism”, and it’s a good example of breaking Rule Number Eight. Students are permitted to use the Internet for research, but are instructed to write the information in their own words and to explain where they got the information.Now the ten rules are guidelines for us to follow. These rules help us to be aware of the ethical uses of technology. Let’s stop here for today. Think about these rules this week and we’ll talk about them. And read the next two chapters for next week. Listening: Lecture 21 It’s a sophisticated group of politically motivated hackers. 2 We should talk to hackers and make use of them.3 They do business by using the escrow system.4 Hackers who have disabilities like autism. 5 Recruiting and mobilizing hackers on behalf of the state.6 Faced with the threats of puter hackers mentioned in Text 1 and 2, the speaker suggests that we should talk to hackers, understand their disabilities, and make use of their talent. 7 Understand and Make Use of Hackers.Lecture 2 Computer hackers!Now this is a very unTEDlike thing to do, but let’s kick off the afternoon with a message from a mystery sponsor. Anonymous: Dear Fox News, it has e to our unfortunate attention that both the name and nature of Anonymous has been ravaged. We are everyone and we are no one. We are anonymous. We are legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. We are the base of chaos. Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen—a sophisticated group of politically motivated hackers who have emerged in 2011. And they’re pretty scary. You never know when they’re going to attack next, who or what the consequences will be. But interestingly, they have a sense of humor. These guys hacked into Fox News’ Twitter account to announce President Obama’s assassination. Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated in the newsroom at Fox. “What do we do now? Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?” (Laughter) And of course, who could escape the irony of a member of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. being a victim of hacking for a change. (Laughter, applause) Sometimes you know you turn on the news and you say, “Is there anyone left to hack?” Sony PlayStation Network—done。 the government of Turkey—tick, Britain’s Serious Organized Crime Agency—a breeze, the CIA—falling off a log. In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry told me the other day that there are two types of panies in the world: those that know they’ve been hacked, and those that don’t. I mean three panies providing cyber security services to the FBI have been hacked. I mean is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven’s sake? Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous—and they would say this themselves—they are providing a service by demonstrating how useless panies are at protecting our data. But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous—they are ideologically driven. They claim that they are battling a dastardly conspiracy. They say that governments are trying to take over the Internet and control it, and that they, Anonymous, are the authentic voice of resistance—be it against global media corporations, or against intelligence agencies, or whoever it is. And their politics are not entirely unattractive. Okay, they’re a little inchoate. There’s a strong whiff of sort of halfbaked anarchism about them. But one thing is true: We are at the beginning of a mighty struggle for control of the Internet. The Web links everything, and very soon it will mediate most human activity. Because the Internet has fashioned a new and plicated environment for an oldage dilemma that pits the demands of security with the desire for freedom. Now this is a very plicated struggle. And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me, we probably can’t understand it very well. Nonetheless, in an unexpected attack of hubris a couple of years ago, I decided I would try and do that. And I sort of get it. These were the various things that I was looking at as I was trying to understand it. But in order to try and explain the whole thing, I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it, so you’re just gonna have to take it on trust from me on this occasion, and let me assure you that all of these issues are involved in cyber security and control of the Internet one way or the other, but in a configuration that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty trying to get his head around. So there you are. And as you see, in the middle, there is our old friend, the hacker. The hacker is absolutely central to many of the political, social and economic issues affecting the Net. And so I thought to myself, “Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to.” And what do you know, nobody else does talk to the hackers. They’re pletely anonymous, as it were. So despite the fact that we are beginning to pour billions, hundreds of billions of dollars, into cyber security—for the most extraordinary technical solutions—no one wants to talk to these guys, the hackers, who are doing everything. Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions, which cost a huge amount of money. So nothing is going into the hackers. Well, I say nothing, but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit in Turin, Italy, called the Hackers Profiling Project. And they are doing some fantastic research into the characteristics, into the abilities and the socialization of hackers. But because they’re a . operation, maybe that’s why governments and corporations aren’t that interested in them. Because it’s a . operation, of course, it lacks funding. But I think they’re doing very important work. Because where we have a surfeit of technology in the cyber security industry, we have a definite lack of—call me oldfashione