【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 i尚未進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，還談不上公眾對(duì) Shimi欣賞與否的問(wèn)題，因此選項(xiàng) C不符合原意； Shimi正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化運(yùn)作，但絕非已經(jīng)完成，所以 D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。本題的答案是 B,依據(jù)是最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。 參考譯文 第十九篇 音樂(lè)機(jī)器人伴侶提升音樂(lè)欣賞體驗(yàn) Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂(lè)技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂(lè)伴侶。它可以根據(jù)聽(tīng)者的反饋推薦合乎節(jié)拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不 斷播放音樂(lè)。這款髙 1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為 “一個(gè)可以互動(dòng)的音樂(lè)朋友 ”。 Gil Weinberg教授是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者，他解釋說(shuō)： “Shimi設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是改變?nèi)藗冃蕾p音樂(lè)、認(rèn)識(shí)音樂(lè)的方式。 ”他將在今年 6月 27日在舊金山的谷歌 I/O大會(huì)上展示這款機(jī)器人。一個(gè)由三個(gè)機(jī)器人組成的樂(lè)隊(duì)將為來(lái)賓演奏，并伴隨音樂(lè)起舞。而音樂(lè)是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式編制的。 Shimi實(shí)際上是一個(gè)擴(kuò)充基座，它的 “大腦 ”由安卓手機(jī)控制。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶(hù)的移動(dòng)裝置獲得傳感和音樂(lè)生成能力。換言之，只要有應(yīng)用程序 ，機(jī)器人便能使用。例如，通過(guò)手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件， Shimi就能在房間周?chē)櫟铰?tīng)眾，然后安置好它的 “耳朵 ”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識(shí)別特征是基于節(jié)奏和速度。如果用戶(hù)打出某個(gè)（音樂(lè)）拍子， Shimi會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂(lè)庫(kù)，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂(lè)。一旦音樂(lè)響起來(lái)， Shimi就隨韻律起舞。 “許多人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而 Shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力。 ”音樂(lè)技術(shù)博士研究生 Mason Bretan如是說(shuō)。正在研發(fā)中的程序?qū)⑹褂脩?hù)能溝通 過(guò)搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來(lái)提醒 Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。機(jī)器人還可根據(jù)用戶(hù)對(duì)歌曲的選擇推薦新音樂(lè)，并對(duì)音樂(lè)播放列表提供反饋。 Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會(huì)因此獲得靈感，開(kāi)發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序，來(lái)擴(kuò)展 Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。他說(shuō)： “我認(rèn)為我們中心正在引領(lǐng)這場(chǎng)將更多機(jī)器人應(yīng)用到家庭中去的變革。 ” Weinberg正在通過(guò)獲得佐治亞理工學(xué)院的獨(dú)家授權(quán)來(lái)對(duì) Shimi進(jìn)行商業(yè)推廣。Weinberg希望到 2020年的節(jié)日季消費(fèi)者可購(gòu)買(mǎi)到 Shimi。 Weinberg說(shuō)： “如果機(jī)器人進(jìn)入家庭，我們認(rèn)為就應(yīng)該是這 種類(lèi)型的機(jī)器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質(zhì)量，為更多智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人進(jìn)人我們的生活做好準(zhǔn)備。 第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don?t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW39。s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences， have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modernday chimpanzees as they peted for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 millionyear old ancestor we shared in mon with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ， said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time， intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where petition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University?s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different binations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut， which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees? behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available， and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chi mpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highlyprized resource and peted for them more intensely. In such highpetition settings， the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14month study of Bossou chimpanzees cropraiding, a situation in which they have to pete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. 詞匯 ： scarce ， 不足的 ； 稀 有的 chimpanzee ape 。 類(lèi)人猿 bipedal adj. 二足的 anatomical coula nuts( coula也可寫(xiě)作 cola或 kola)可樂(lè)果 注釋 ： 1. GW?s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences:喬治 ?華盛頓大學(xué)哥倫比亞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué) 院。喬治華盛頓大學(xué)（ Gee Washington University)的英文簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為 GW，是美國(guó)頂尖的私立大學(xué)之一，于 1821年建校，位于美國(guó)首都華盛 頓。 2. ecological settings: 生態(tài)環(huán)境 3. bipedal activity： 雙足活動(dòng) 4. anatomical chaiige: 解剖學(xué)上的變化 5. Kyoto University:京都大學(xué) ， 是繼東京大學(xué)之后成立的日本第二所國(guó)立大學(xué) ， 于I897年建校。京都大學(xué)主要校區(qū)位于日本歷史名城京都市。 6. Bossou: 博蘇 ,幾內(nèi)亞的一個(gè)地名。博蘇森林生活著黑猩猩群落。 7. oil palm nut: 油棕櫚堅(jiān)果 8. increased by a factor of four:增加了四倍 9. in one go: —口氣 10. Oxford Brookes University: 牛津布魯克斯大學(xué) ， 創(chuàng)立于 1865年 ， 是英國(guó)最具特色的綜合性大學(xué)之一。牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)位于世界學(xué)術(shù)名城 ——牛津。這里學(xué)風(fēng)濃郁、精英薈萃，歷來(lái)為求學(xué)圣地。 練習(xí)： 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items. B Chimpanzee?s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs. C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources. D Our ancestors39。 ecological conditions resembled those of modernday chimpanzees. 2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding A when humans began walking on two legs. B what made our ancestors walk upright. C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors. D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources. 3. Kyoto, University39。s study discovered that chimpanzees. A regarded both types of nut as priced resources. B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts. C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts. D ignored both types of nut altogether. 4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs du