【文章內容簡介】 種類首選親母新鮮母乳。伴臍動脈舒張末期無血流或反流的早產(chǎn)小于胎齡兒腹部查體正常時，生后24小時內開始喂養(yǎng)，謹慎加奶。無創(chuàng)通氣的極低出生體重兒加奶需謹慎。已經(jīng)開始微量喂養(yǎng)的早產(chǎn)兒接受吲哚美辛治療時，在療程結束之前繼續(xù)微量喂養(yǎng)，結束后才考慮營養(yǎng)性喂養(yǎng)。不建議常規(guī)檢查胃內儲留物。不建議常規(guī)測量腹圍。單純只是綠色或黃色胃儲留物無重要意義。胃內儲留物的5ml/kg或前次喂養(yǎng)量的50%（兩者的高值）應該注回胃內，喂奶時奶量要減去注回儲留物的量。不能依靠呼吸暫停、血氧飽和度下降、心動過緩或其他行為表現(xiàn)作為診斷早產(chǎn)兒胃食管反流的征象。置病人于左側臥位或仰臥位可能幫助GER病人改善癥狀，但不建議使用藥物治療或增稠劑，可以考慮緩慢管飼喂養(yǎng)，但要注意防止營養(yǎng)素丟失。母乳喂養(yǎng)量達到100ml/kg/d時添加母乳強化劑。不建議采用甘油灌腸來縮短達到全胃腸內喂養(yǎng)的時間。Author ContributionsConflicts of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.參考文獻1. Oxford Centre for EvidenceBased Medicine—Levels of Evidence (March 2009). Available online: (accessed on 1 January 2015).2. FlidelRimon, O.。 Friedman, S.。 Lev, E.。 JusterReicher, A.。 Amitay, M.。 Shinwell, . Early enteral feeding and nosoial sepsis in very low birthweight infants. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004, 89, F289–F292.3. 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