經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理第三版習(xí)題答案(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-04 21:24 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ther an effect on quantity nor any deadweight loss, but it does raise revenue.b. The statement, A tax that raises no revenue for the government cannot have any deadweight loss, is incorrect. An example is the case of a 100 percent tax imposed on sellers. With a 100 percent tax on their sales of the good, sellers won39。t supply any of the good, so the tax will raise no revenue. Yet the tax has a large deadweight loss, since it reduces the quantity sold to zero.4. a. With very elastic supply and very inelastic demand, the burden of the tax on rubber bands will be borne largely by buyers. As Figure 4 shows, consumer surplus declines considerably, by area A+B, but producer surplus doesn39。t fall much at all, just by area C+D.Figure 4b. With very inelastic supply and very elastic demand, the burden of the tax on rubber bands will be borne largely by sellers. As Figure 5 shows, consumer surplus does not decline much, just by area A+B, while producer surplus falls substantially, by area C+D. Compared to part (a), producers bear much more of the burden of the tax, and consumers bear much less.Figure 55. a. The deadweight loss from a tax on heating oil is likely to be greater in the fifth year after it is imposed rather than the first year. In the first year, the elasticity of demand is fairly low, as people who own oil heaters are not likely to get rid of them right away. But over time they may switch to other energy sources and people buying new heaters for their homes will more likely choose gas or electric, so the tax will have a greater impact on quantity.b. The tax revenue is likely to be higher in the first year after it is imposed than in the fifth year. In the first year, demand is more inelastic, so the quantity does not decline as much and tax revenue is relatively high. As time passes and more people substitute away from oil, the equilibrium quantity declines, as does tax revenue.6. Since the demand for food is inelastic, a tax on food is a good way to raise revenue because it does not lead to much of a deadweight loss。 thus taxing food is less inefficient than taxing other things. But it is not a good way to raise revenue from an equity point of view, since poorer people spend a higher proportion of their ine on food, so the tax would hit them harder than it would hit wealthier people.7. a. This tax has such a high rate that it is not likely to raise much revenue. Because of the high tax rate, the equilibrium quantity in the market is likely to be at or near zero.b. Senator Moynihan39。s goal was probably to ban the use of hollowtipped bullets. In this case, a tax is as effective as an outright ban.8. a. Figure 6 illustrates the market for socks and the effects of the tax. Without a tax, the equilibrium quantity would be Q1, the equilibrium price would be P1, total spending by consumers equals total rev
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