【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 cans in the United States[27]YearNumber% of total populationSlaves% in slavery1790757,208% (highest)697,68192%18001,002,037%893,60289%18101,377,808%1,191,36286%18201,771,656%1,538,02287%18302,328,642%2,009,04386%18402,873,648%2,487,35587%18503,638,808%3,204,28788%18604,441,830%3,953,73189%18704,880,009%––18806,580,793%––18907,488,788%––19008,833,994%––19109,827,763%––1920 million%––1930 million% (lowest)––1940 million%––1950 million%––1960 million%––1970 million%––1980 million%––1990 million%––2000 million%––By 1990, the African American population reached about 30 million and represented 12% of the . population, roughly the same proportion as in 1900.[28] In current demographics, according to 2005 . Census[dubious – discuss] figures, some million African Americans live in the United States, prising % of the total population. The World Factbook gives a 2006 figure of %[29] Controversy has surrounded the accurate population count of African Americans for decades. The NAACP believed it was under counted intentionally to minimize the significance of the black population in order to reduce their political power base.At the time of the 2000 Census, % of African Americans lived in the South. In that year, % of African Americans lived in the Northeast and % in the Midwest, while only % lived in the western states. The west does have a sizable black population in certain areas, however. California, the nation39。s most populous state, has the fifth largest African American population, only behind New York, Texas, Georgia, and Florida. According to the 2000 Census, approximately % of African Americans identified as Hispanic or Latino in origin,[5] many of whom may be of Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, Haitian, or other Latin American descent. The only selfreported ancestral groups larger than African Americans are Irishs and Germans.[30] Because many African Americans trace their ancestry to colonial American origins, some simply selfidentify as American.[citation needed]. citiesFurther information: List of . cities with large African American populationsandList of . metropolitan areas with large AfricanAmerican populationsAlmost 58% of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million black residents, New York City had the largest black urban population in the United States in 2000, overall the city has a 28% black population. Chicago has the second largest black population, with almost million African Americans in its metropolitan area, representing about 18 percent of the total metropolitan population.Among cities of 100,000 or more, Gary, Indiana had the highest percentage of black residents of any . city in 2000, with 84% (though it should be noted that the 2006 Census estimate puts the city39。s population below 100,000). Gary is followed closely by Detroit, Michigan, which was 82% African American. Other large cities with African American majorities include New Orleans, Louisiana (67%), Baltimore, Maryland (64%) Atlanta, Georgia (61%), Memphis, Tennessee (61%), and Washington, . (60%).The nation39。s most affluent county with an African American majority is Prince George39。s County, Maryland, with a median ine of $62,467. Within that county, among the wealthiest munities are Glenn Dale, Maryland and Fort Washington, Maryland. Other affluent predominantly African American counties include Dekalb County in Georgia, and Charles City County in Virginia. Queens County, New York is the only county with a population of 65,000 or more where African Americans have a higher median household ine than Americans of European descent.[31]ReligionMain articles: Black church, Nation of Islam, and Black Hebrew IsraelitesMount Zion United Methodist Church is the oldest African American congregation in Washington, .The majority of African Americans are Protestant of whom many follow the historically black churches.[32] Black church refers to churches which minister predominantly African American congregations. Black congregations were first established by freed slaves at the end of the 17th century, and later when slavery was abolished more African Americans were allowed to create a unique form of Christianity that was culturally influenced by African spiritual traditions.[33]According to a 2007 survey, more than half of the African American population are part of the historically black churches.[34] The largest Protestant denomination among African Americans are the Baptists,[35] distributed in four denominations, the largest being the National Baptist Convention and the National Baptist Convention of America.[36] The second largest are the Methodists,[37] the largest sects are the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.[36][38] Pentecostals are mainly part of the Church of God in Christ.[36] About 16% of African American Christians are members of white Protestant munions,[37] these denominations (which include the United Church of Christ) mostly have a 2 to 3% African American membership.[39] The are also large numbers of Roman Catholics, constituting 5% of the African American population.[34] Of the total number of Jehovah39。s Witnesses, 22% are black.[32]Malcolm Shabazz Mosque in Harlem, New York CitySome African Americans follow Islam. Historically, between 15 to 30% of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas were Muslims, but most of these Africans were converted to Christianity during the era of American slavery.[40] However during the 20th century, some African Americans converted to Islam, mainly through the influence of black nationalist groups that preached with distinctive Islamic practices。 these include the Moorish Science Temple of America, though the largest organization