城市生態(tài)學ppt課件(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-08 02:30 本頁面
【文章內容簡介】 中傳遞，各種生物按其食物關系排列的鏈狀順序，稱為食物鏈 。 FOOD WEB A few of the anisms in a temperate tallgrass prairie and the food web that connects them Average primary productivity in grams of anic material per square meter per year of some terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY 圖 . 熱力 學 的 兩個 定律。 第一定律： A = B + C 第二定律： C A 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的物質循環(huán) Heat Heat Heat Heat Heat 未捕獲（ ） 獵物種群生產量（ ） 被捕獲（ ） 被吃下（ ） I 未吃下（ ） 未同化（ ） 同化（ ） A 凈次級生產（ ） P 呼吸（ ） R An energy pyramid for a prairie ecosystem. Each trophic level from producer to tertiary consumer has less energy stored in it. The width of the rectangles represents energy found in the anisms at each trophic level. CONCEPT OF PYRAMIDS Carbon cycle Phosphorus cycle Nitrogen cycle Water cycle Oxygen cycle Heat in the environment Heat Heat Heat The Carbon Cycle Reservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms CO2 in atmosphere (reservoir) Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria amp。 detritus feeders Wastes, Dead bodies Respitation Burning of fossil fuels Fire CO2 dissolved in ocean (reservoir) 海洋和大氣 CO2調節(jié) CO2 CO2溶 于海水 H2CO3 水體中生物 H++CO3 2 CACO3 海底沉積物 Nitrogen in Atmosphere Reservoir Nitrogen in osphere Reservoir The Nitrogen Cycle Electrical storms produce nitrate Ammonia amp。 nitrate Nitrogenfixing bacteria in legume roots and soil Uptake by plants Producers Consumers Wastes, Dead bodies Soil bacteria and detritus feeders Ammoniaamp。 nitrate Dentitrifying bacteria Nitrogen in AtmospherReservoirReservoirs Processes/ Locations Trophic Levels/ Organisms ? Phosphate leaches from phosphaterich rocks or from fertilizers and enters plants and other producers where it is incorporated into biological molecules. These are passed through the trophic levels. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE PHOSPHORUS 水生演替過程 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) (ecosystem ) 生態(tài)平衡及其反饋調節(jié)機制 ? 生態(tài)平衡 (ecological equilibrium)— 指生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一種相對穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。當處于這一狀態(tài)時 , 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內生物之間和生物與環(huán)
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