句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分教學(xué)案(編輯修改稿)
2025-05-30 18:06 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 He lent me some money. ( )He made the boy cry again. ( ) The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )Don’t leave the door open at night. ( ) 在我們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的過(guò)程中，我們可能會(huì)聽(tīng)說(shuō)“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”、“動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”和“動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”。 實(shí)際上，這幾個(gè)“復(fù)合”，都有“邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系”之意。如：He invited us to e to the party. (us是賓語(yǔ)，to e to the party是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合在一起稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。)It’s important for us to learn English well. (it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是for us to learn English well?！皍s”是“to learn English well”的邏輯主語(yǔ)二者構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。It’s very kind of you to help me.（of you to help me也是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。與for somebody to do something，you和to help me構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。）Tom’s ing late made our teacher angry.(Tom遲到使我們老師生氣。ing是動(dòng)名詞，Tom’s ing late是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Tom是ing late的邏輯主語(yǔ)，二者是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。)先看下列三組句中have、do和be的變化形式I have a book He has a book. They have a book. I enjoy watching TV.You enjoy watching TV. We enjoy watching TV. He is sleeping. I am sleeping.They are sleeping.“人稱的變化”是指：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用什么形式，受前面主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱的影響。主語(yǔ)同為單數(shù)（表示一個(gè)人）， be在第一人稱I后用am, 在you后用are, 在he后用is。 do和have在一、二人稱后用原形，在第三人稱后用為does, has?！皵?shù)”是指“單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)”?！皵?shù)的變化”是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用什么形式，還受前面主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的影響。如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be要用are的形式，do和have用原形。如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，be用is, do和have要用does和has。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如： He / I / We can swim.句子成分英語(yǔ)的句子成分主要有六種：即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。（可以熟記為：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)）除了這六種主要成分之外，還有“表語(yǔ)”和“同位語(yǔ)”的說(shuō)法。但表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)，因此劃分成分時(shí)，劃分在謂語(yǔ)上。同位語(yǔ)分為主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，屬于主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的一部分。劃分句子成分時(shí)的常用符號(hào)主語(yǔ) 在下面畫(huà)直線 謂語(yǔ) 在下面畫(huà)曲線 賓語(yǔ) 在下面畫(huà)雙橫線 定語(yǔ) 在下面畫(huà)虛線（一行點(diǎn)使我們想到一排釘子，“釘”諧音為“定語(yǔ)”的“定”） 狀語(yǔ) 下面為短橫線 （短橫線使我們想到短木樁，木樁撞（狀）鐘）補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 上一短橫，下一短橫（下一短橫好像是為了彌補(bǔ)上面短橫間的空隙）同位語(yǔ) 上下雙曲線，（雖都有曲折，上下位置基本相同 主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)?？梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)的詞性或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)： （如the rich） 。在下面句子的主語(yǔ)下面畫(huà)橫線，并說(shuō)出由什么充當(dāng)。During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular. We often speak English in class. Onethird of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isn’t at home is not true.改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤，并說(shuō)明原因。He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport. Give up English is not an option. 謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying ov
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