【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 its flanks, kicking at its belly and rolling and bellowing. Again, this demeanor is usually indicative of restlessness ? 體溫若出現(xiàn)明顯的變化將預(yù)示著病理過程：（ 1）過熱是簡單的體溫升高，超過臨界溫度，如中暑； as in heat stroke. ? （ 2）發(fā)燒或發(fā)熱是體溫升高并伴有毒血癥，如多數(shù)傳染性疾病； as in most infectious disease. ? （ 3）低溫是低于正常體溫，出現(xiàn)在休克、循環(huán)衰絕、甲狀腺功能低下和多數(shù)瀕死前的疾病。 and just before death in most diseases. Marked the temperature variations are an indication of a pathological process : of the temperature (1) hyperthermia is simple elevation past the critical point, (2) fever or pyrexia is the state with toxemia, where hyperthermia is bined (3) hypothermia, a subnormal body temperature, occurs in shock, circulatory collapse, hypothyroidism ? 弓腰和四肢曲于腹下常常預(yù)示著輕度腹痛；若腰向下彎、腿呈 “ 木馬 ” 樣，這就是嚴(yán)重腹痛的特點(diǎn)，發(fā)病時(shí)出現(xiàn)痙攣； in occurrence。 ? 馬呈犬坐樣并伴有打滾和踢腹通常與腹痛和隔膜受壓迫有關(guān)，如病畜食入谷物后出現(xiàn)的急性胃擴(kuò)張。 Arching of the back with the limbs tucked under the body usually indicates mild abdominal pain。 downward arching of the back and ‘saw horse’ straddling of the legs is characteristics of severe abdominal pain, usually spasmodic a ‘dogsitting’ posture in the horse associated with rolling and kicking at the belly is usually associated with abdominal pain and pressure on the diaphragm, such as occurs in acute gastric dilatation after engement on grain. ? 肘外展常常說明胸痛或呼吸困難。 ? 尾僵直并高舉，耳和四肢僵直預(yù)示著動物發(fā)生破傷風(fēng)。 ? 當(dāng)尿道部分堵塞時(shí)，動物出現(xiàn)排尿困難，若膀胱或尿道發(fā)生炎癥，會出現(xiàn)疼痛。 Abduction of the elbows is usually synonymous with chest pain or difficulty in breathing. Elevation and rigidity of the tail, and rigidity of the ears and limbs, are good indications of tetanus in animals. Urination may be difficult when there is partial obstruction of the urinary tract, and painful when there is inflammation of the bladder or urethra. ? 病畜患膀胱炎和尿道炎時(shí)出現(xiàn)尿頻和尿少，并且病畜經(jīng)常在排尿停止后做排尿姿勢。 ? 尿失禁即頻繁滴尿，常常是由于尿道部分堵塞或尿道括約肌麻痹所致。 In cystitis and urethritis, there is increased frequency with the passage of small amounts of fluid and the animal remains in the urination posture for some time after the flow ceases. Incontinence, with constant dribbling of urine, is usually due to partial obstruction of the urethra or paralysis of its sphincter. 口蹄疫的臨床癥狀 ? 口蹄疫的特征為發(fā)熱以及蹄、口腔內(nèi)和周圍、乳腺出現(xiàn)水皰。水皰通?？焖倨屏研纬蓾€。損傷部位的疼痛和不適導(dǎo)致動物表現(xiàn)多種癥狀如沉郁、厭食、大量流涎、跛行和不愿意走動或起立。雖然口蹄疫病毒不能經(jīng)胎盤傳播，但是孕畜仍有可能發(fā)生流產(chǎn)。雖然繼發(fā)感染可能導(dǎo)致較長的恢復(fù)期，但是大多數(shù)成年動物在兩到三周內(nèi)可以康復(fù)?？谔阋呖赡艿牟l(fā)癥包括產(chǎn)奶量暫時(shí)或持續(xù)的下降、慢性跛行或乳腺炎、體重減輕和體況下降。死亡通常僅發(fā)生在幼畜，主要是由于多病灶的心肌炎而引起，病畜往往不會出現(xiàn)水皰。 臨床型酸中毒 ? 臨床型酸中毒表現(xiàn)為輕微還是嚴(yán)重的疾病依賴于動物采食飼料的類型與數(shù)量?；加休p微臨床型酸中毒的牛表現(xiàn)為厭食、產(chǎn)奶量下降和腹瀉。嚴(yán)重臨床型酸中毒可能發(fā)展為代謝性酸中毒、精神沉郁、脫水、毒血癥和奶牛臥倒不起綜合征。極急性的酸中毒可能導(dǎo)致病牛斜臥、昏迷和 810小時(shí)內(nèi)發(fā)生死亡。急性酸中毒的臨床癥狀在 8小時(shí)內(nèi)逐漸顯現(xiàn)，繼而發(fā)作代謝性臨床酸中毒，并在 36小時(shí)表現(xiàn)最為明顯。臨床型酸中毒通常影響牛群中一頭或更多的牛，并且經(jīng)常是由于突然的食物改變而使動物突發(fā)此病。反芻動物急性酸中毒的結(jié)局包括鈣吸收障礙導(dǎo)致的低鈣血癥、組胺和內(nèi)毒素被釋放入血液循環(huán)引起的蹄葉炎、誘導(dǎo)性硫胺素缺乏引起的腦灰質(zhì)軟化、瘤胃炎和肝膿腫。 口蹄疫的臨床癥狀 with footandmouth disease ? 口蹄疫的特征為發(fā)熱以及蹄、口腔內(nèi)和周圍、乳腺出現(xiàn)水皰。水皰通?？焖倨屏研纬蓾€。 being erosions. ? 損傷部位的疼痛和不適導(dǎo)致動物表現(xiàn)多種癥狀如沉郁、厭食、大量流涎、跛行和不愿意走動或起立。 Clinical signs of animal Footandmouth disease is characterized by fever and vesicles on the feet, in and around the mouth, and on the mammary gland. Vesicles often rupture rapidly, Pain and disfort from the lesions leads to a variety of symptoms including depression, anorexia, excessive salivation, lameness and reluctance to move or rise. ? 雖然口蹄疫病毒不能經(jīng)胎盤傳播，但是孕畜仍有可能發(fā)生流產(chǎn)。 in pregnant animals. ? 雖然繼發(fā)感染可能導(dǎo)致較長的恢復(fù)期，但是大多數(shù)成年動物在兩到三周內(nèi)可以康復(fù)。 a longer recovery time. Although FMDV does not cross the placenta, abortion may occur Most adults recover in two to three weeks, although secondary infections may lead to are not always found. and loss of condition. ? 口蹄疫可能的并發(fā)癥包括產(chǎn)奶量暫時(shí)或持續(xù)的下降、慢性跛行或乳腺炎、體重減輕和體況下降。 ? 死亡通常僅發(fā)生在幼畜，主要是由于多病灶的心肌炎而引起，病畜往往不會出現(xiàn)水皰。 Possible plications include temporary or permanent decreases in milk production, chronic lameness or mastitis, weight loss Deaths occur usually in young animals, as the multifocal （多病灶的） myocarditis。 vesicles only result of 臨床型酸中毒