【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ,15,16, and 17 measure responsiveness. Add the scores on these items to get your responsiveness score. Scores above 40 suggest that you see yourself as responsive. Being assertive and responsive is not necessarily “good” or “bad”. Your sociomunicative style is a barometer of how you interact with others, not whether you are a good or bad person._____________________________________________________________________Source: From McCroskey, J, C., amp。 Richmand, ., Fundamentals of Human Communication: An lnterpersonal Perspective. Copyright 1996. Reprinted by permission of Waveland Press, Inc. All rights reserved.Ⅳ Supplimentary Materials1. Key Terms: 1. verbal code（語(yǔ)言代碼）：it is a set of rules about the use of words in the creation of 。2. symbol（符號(hào)） words, actions, objects that stand for or represent a unit of meaning. 可以表達(dá)一定含義的詞匯、行為和物體。3. phonology（音位學(xué)）The basic sound units of a language are called phonemes, and the rules for bining phonemes constitute the phonology of a language. 一門語(yǔ)言中語(yǔ)音的基本單位叫做因素，組織因素的規(guī)則構(gòu)成了該門語(yǔ)言的音位學(xué)。4. semantics（語(yǔ)義學(xué)）The study of the meaning of words is called semantic.5. denotative meaning（外延義）：It refers to the public, objective, and legal meanings of a word, which are those found in the dictionary or law books.6. connotative meaning（內(nèi)涵義）: It refers to personal emotionally charged, private, and specific to a particular person.7. dialects（方言）Dialects are versions of a language with distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that are spoken by particular groups of people or within particular regions.8. accents（口音）Distinguishable marks of pronunciation are called accents.9. jargon （行話）refers to a set of words or terms that are shared by those with a mon profession or experience.10. argot （暗語(yǔ)）refers to a specialized language that is used by a large group within a culture to define the boundaries of their group from others who are in a more powerful position in society.（禁忌）refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. （委婉語(yǔ)）means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh（嚴(yán)厲的）, blunt（生硬的）, or offensive.2. Additional Information: 1. Navajos（納瓦霍族）A Native American people inhabiting extensive reservation lands in Arizona, New Mexico, and southeast Utah. The most populous of contemporary Native American groups in the United States, the Navajo are noted as stockbreeders and skilled weavers, potters, and silversmiths.（納瓦霍族居住亞利桑那，新墨西哥和猶他州東南部的美洲印第安人。是美國(guó)同時(shí)期的美洲印第安人部落中人口最稠密的。納瓦霍族人以豢養(yǎng)家禽，技術(shù)熟練的紡織者，制陶者和銀匠而著名。）2. Hopi（霍皮人）：They are A Pueblo people occupying a number of mesatop pueblos on reservation land in northeast Arizona. The Hopi are noted for their sophisticated dryfarming techniques, a rich ceremonial life, and fine craftsmanship in basketry, pottery, silverwork, and ：占有亞利桑那州東北部居留地的若干平頂梯形城堡式構(gòu)造的普韋布洛人?；羝と艘蛩麄兙康暮底骷夹g(shù)，多姿多彩的儀式生活，以及在物品編織，制陶，銀器和紡織等方面的精美工藝而聞名。 Crosscultural tips Chinese CultureConfucianismThe Ethical Principles of ConfucianismConfucianism had been regarded as an ethicpolitical system in ancient China. For more than two thousand years it has moulded and shaped the civilization of China and exerted a profound influence upon almost one fourth pf the human race.Confucianism has left us a rich literary heritage known as the Four Books and Five Classics。 The Great Learning (《大學(xué)》), The Mean (《中庸》), Analects (《論語(yǔ)》), and Mencius (《孟子》)。 Book of Change（《易經(jīng)》）, Book of History (《尚書》), Book of Odes (《詩(shī)經(jīng)》), Book of Rites (《禮記》) and Spring and Autumn Annals(《春秋》) For six centuries (1313—1905) these four texts became the elementary requirements of Chinese education in the feudal society and served as the basis of the civil service examination (科舉考試) by which scholars were selected for official posts at various levels of the government.The ethical principle of Confucianism is its discovery of the ultimate in the moral character of human relationships in which Confucius offered the solution for the ills and evils of his day. That is the wellknown Five Relationships: rulerminister, fatherson, husbandwife, elderandyounger brother, and friendfriend. The responsibilities ensuing from these relationships are mutual and reciprocal. A minister owes loyalty to his ruler, and a child filial respect to his parent. But the ruler must care for his subjects, and the parent for the child. Just as Confucius said of the doctrine of reciprocity and neighborliness: “Within the four seas all men are brothers.” ( 四海之內(nèi)皆兄弟 ) Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. (己所不欲，勿施于人) Confucius39。 central doctrine is that of the virtue of ren (仁). What is ren? Ren is translated variously as goodness, benevolence, humanity, and humanheartedness. In short, ren means affection and love. A man of ren loves others (任者愛人) .Fan Chi asked about ren. Confucius said, Love all men.” (樊遲問(wèn)任，子曰“愛人”)The ethical thought of Confucius can be summed up as the following five cardinal virtues。1. ren (仁), the will to show benevolence to others (the root)2. yi (義), righteousness by justice (the trunk)3. li ( 禮), moral ways of conduct (the branches)4. zhi (智), wisdom (the flower)5. xin (信), faithfulness (the fruit)In my opinion Confucianism39。s greatest contribution to the Chinese nation is its shaping and moulding of the Chinese character and national soul and its founding of the plete system of knowledge. Just as Dr. Sun Yatsen said。 Therefore the old morals of loyalty (忠) and piety (孝), affection and love (仁愛), faithfulness and righteousness（信義）, are superior to those of the foreign countries, let alone that of peace and harmony (和平). These high standards of