【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease, which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.該句的核心句是The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the silt，silt后是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that floods left做定語(yǔ)；破折號(hào)后面部分做整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)in return for（作為回報(bào)）的賓語(yǔ)是giant reservoir of disease，后面帶了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)它進(jìn)行修飾。④This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.句子主干是Slovaks and Hungarians stopped sending in the troops，主語(yǔ)之前是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。句末的介詞短語(yǔ)in their contention over a dam on the Danube做原因狀語(yǔ)，指出兩國(guó)派兵的原因。short of意思是“離…有，差一點(diǎn)就…”，如：We stopped a mile short of the top.（我們?cè)陔x山頂一公里處，即快到山頂?shù)牡胤酵Ｗ×耍籹end in意思是“派遣”。⑤Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.句子主干是study can help to resolve conflicts；謂語(yǔ)study后接了兩個(gè)由and連接的并列的of介詞短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明study的內(nèi)容，分開看應(yīng)該是study of the impacts of dams 和study of the costs and benefits of controlling water。⑥It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.It is time that...該…的時(shí)候了，是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式，后面從句中謂語(yǔ)注意要用過(guò)去時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)做某個(gè)事情的時(shí)機(jī)成熟了。如：It is time that we learned to take care of ourselves.佳句賞析①Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.表達(dá)人們對(duì)宏偉、美好事物的欣賞和贊嘆。如：Few paintings can capture such rich imagination like Mona Lisas smiling.②But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.這里暗含的意思是告誡人們不要被表面的美好景象迷惑，要理性地看到潛在的危害。如：Big cities fast development has really provided us fascinating conveniences and pleasure. However, to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.③Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.這種表達(dá)也用來(lái)暗示某種事物是一把雙刃劍，不能只看到好的一面，而忽略了潛在的危險(xiǎn)。④The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. 這種表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來(lái)總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。如：The lesson from this bad exam is that no pains, no gains. ⑤But big dams tend not to work as intended. 表達(dá)一種事與愿違的遺憾。如：His parents put too much hope on the child, but his performance tended not to work as intended.四、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯(1) capture（v.）奪得，攻占；捕獲；（n.）捕獲，俘虜(2) drought（n.）旱災(zāi)(3) fascinating（a.）迷人的；fascinate（v.）迷住，強(qiáng)烈吸引(4) strive（v.）（to）奮斗努力(5) cement（v.）膠合；鞏固，加強(qiáng)；（n.）水泥；膠泥，膠接劑(6) deprive（v.）（of） 奪去，使喪失(7) contention（n.）爭(zhēng)奪，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)吵，口角；contend（v.）斗爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；堅(jiān)決主張(8) goahead（n.）批準(zhǔn)，同意；如：Were all ready to start the new book, as soon as we get the goahead from the people concerned.(9)wrongheaded（a.）錯(cuò)誤判斷的；堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的，執(zhí)迷不悟的(10) hydroelectric（a.）水電的；hydro：前綴，表示“水”，“液體”。如：hydrobiology 水生物學(xué)；hydrocooling 水冷法；hydromania 投水狂，自溺五、全文翻譯在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中很少能像大型水壩這樣激起人們想象力的。（佳句①）可能正是因?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得人們治理江河、供我驅(qū)策的理想如此令人癡迷。（長(zhǎng)難句①）但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。（佳句②）有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。（佳句③）建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是：大的未必總是美的。（佳句④）但這個(gè)教訓(xùn)也無(wú)法阻止修建高大雄偉的大壩已成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人民的偉大成就的象征。(長(zhǎng)難句②)埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大壩而鞏固了在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。土耳其在力圖躋身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大壩。但大壩不會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣產(chǎn)生效果。（佳句⑤）以阿斯旺大壩為例，它阻止了尼羅河洪水泛濫，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖擊過(guò)后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來(lái)的卻是一個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫(kù)?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫(kù)積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。（長(zhǎng)難句③）不過(guò)，控制水的神話還在繼續(xù)。本周，在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起爭(zhēng)端，差點(diǎn)動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)。（長(zhǎng)難句④）這個(gè)大型工程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大壩所有的常見問(wèn)題。但斯洛伐克正在要求脫離捷克而獨(dú)立，現(xiàn)在它們需要建一個(gè)大壩來(lái)證明自己的實(shí)力。與此同時(shí)，世界銀行已經(jīng)貸款給印度來(lái)建造問(wèn)題更多的納爾馬達(dá)大壩。盡管世界銀行的顧問(wèn)指出，該大壩將給平民帶來(lái)苦難，而且會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行依然一意孤行。大壩只會(huì)給有權(quán)有勢(shì)者帶來(lái)利益，而且這種利益也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)得不到保障。對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。（長(zhǎng)難句⑤）水力發(fā)電，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水壩也是可能的。但當(dāng)你相信神話時(shí)就很難做到合理或科學(xué)。現(xiàn)在是世界吸取阿斯旺大壩教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。（長(zhǎng)難句⑥）我們未必要通過(guò)大壩來(lái)拯救自己。（1998年 Text 2）難度：Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. （1）What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by % since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 19781987 averages. （1）The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. （2）There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that panies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleagues, Michael Beer, says that far too many panies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to longterm profitability. BBDDs Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulancechasing”.一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析這是一篇介紹美國(guó)生產(chǎn)力革命的文章。作者用改寫諺語(yǔ)的方式提出文章主旨。論證部分先用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)沒有商界人士認(rèn)為的那樣好，接著分析其原因是企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)力革命沒有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。主要使用了數(shù)據(jù)、引文、及說(shuō)理的論證方法。第一段：開始部分使用諺語(yǔ)作為引子，引出全文主題：美國(guó)生產(chǎn)力革命并沒有改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。第二段：指出官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法證明經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇，它和生產(chǎn)力飛躍增長(zhǎng)的商業(yè)傳奇不相符合。本段結(jié)構(gòu)為總—