【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 acplished 　　C. to be acplished 　　D. having been acplished　?、?Hard work ____ on time will lead to better grades.()　　A. done 　　B. be done 　　C. having done 　　D. to have been done　?、?As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, taxsupported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households　　or more.()　　A. having 　　B. to have　　C. to have had 　　D. having had　　④ Those _____ to the conference were mostly famous scientists.　　A. invited 　　B. were invited 　　C. inviting 　　D. to invite　　做定語的非謂語動詞有一下幾種形式：　　doing 結(jié)構(gòu):分詞與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進行,或狀態(tài)。如③　　being done結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和正在進行，如：No one is to enter the building being repaired.　　to be done結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示將來和被動，如①?！　one結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動、完成或一般，如②④?！　o do結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have piled many scientific works.　　完成形式不能做定語，包括分詞的完成形式和不定式的完成形式?！　?2)做狀語　　做狀語的可以是不定式，也可以是分詞。大體結(jié)構(gòu)有：　　doing 結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與句子主語為主謂關(guān)系，表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生，或是同時存在的狀態(tài)。如：　　______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.　　A. Having believed 　　B. Believing 　　C. Believed 　　D. Being believed　　done結(jié)構(gòu)：只要分詞與句子主語間是動賓關(guān)系就可以用過去分詞，可以表示完成，可以表示正在進行，也可以表示條件。如：　　_______ in this way, the situation doesn39。t seem so disappointing.　　A. Too look at 　　B. Looking at 　　C. Looked at 　　D. To be looked at ()　　He came in, followed by a group of reporters.　　having done結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與句子主語是主謂關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema.　　having been done結(jié)構(gòu)：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示完成被動，即分詞與句子主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。如：Having been showed many times, he still didn39。t understand the operation of the machine.　　to do 結(jié)構(gòu)：這是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可以做目的狀語，也可以做結(jié)果狀語，但不定式動作總是發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后。如：　　_______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master39。s degree.　　A. To bee 　　B. Bee 　　C. One bees 　　D. On being　　表結(jié)果時一般為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如too …to…, enough to….，或是表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常可加構(gòu)成only to的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：　　I did what I could to fort her only to make her cry even more. The next day, she woke to find herself in hospital.　　being done結(jié)構(gòu)：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動與正在進行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Being chased by some spies, he hid himself in the grass.　　(2)做表語　　測試中對表語的考查主要側(cè)重在現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別上，所以對于做表語的非謂語動詞，主要看分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。做表語的分詞一般只有doing和done兩種形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示做表語的與主語是主謂關(guān)系。過去分詞表示做表語的與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系。根據(jù)使用規(guī)律，如果主語是無生命名詞，則表語分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞。如果主語是有生命名詞，以過去分詞居多，但也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞，但意思不同。如：　　How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. (他感到失望)　　How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望)　　可接表語的系動詞很多，除be外還有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, bee, go。　　(3)做補足語　　一般做賓補的非謂語動詞動詞的形式選擇與其它成分中的非謂語動詞形式選擇規(guī)則基本相同。 doing結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，表正在進行。　　When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and　　started dealing with another shop.　　A. cheating 　　B. cheat 　　C. to cheat 　　D. to be cheating　　done結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，表示被動與完成?！　on39。t get your schedule _____。stay with us in this class.()　　A. to change 　　B. changing　　 C. changed 　　D. change　　to do 結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式表示將來，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等?！　eing done結(jié)構(gòu)：表示被動和正在進行, watch the flag being raised　　Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe　　until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.()　　A. being cultivated B. been cultivated　　C. having cultivated D. cultivating　　to be done結(jié)構(gòu)：用語表示將來與被動，一般用語主謂關(guān)系時可用to做賓補的動詞后，如：want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做賓補?！　?) 注意分析非謂語動詞做什么狀語　　不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，測試中也常有選擇非謂語動詞前連詞的試題。因此，同學們應(yīng)注意根據(jù)狀語與句子間的關(guān)系，判斷連詞的使用?！　?) 注意不定式的特殊句式　　不定式在做定語和做狀語時都有其特殊句式，注意這些句式的特點，考試中就會少走一點彎路。如：　　have something to do類：　　這類結(jié)構(gòu)相當于漢語的連動結(jié)構(gòu)，即有事要做，買東西吃，借書看等?！　 room in which to live類：　　該類結(jié)構(gòu)是a room to live in 的變體。但如果不熟悉這個結(jié)構(gòu)，考試中則難以決斷。如：　　You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.()　　A. there 　　B. them 　　C. which 　　D. where　　The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.()　　A. to be based on 　　B. to base on 　　C. which to base on 　　D. on which to base　　the first to do　　該結(jié)構(gòu)表示如果名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞、最高級本身做名詞用，其后應(yīng)不定式做定語?！　he ability to do　　該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，形容詞變了的名詞后用不定式做定語?！　he need to do　　該結(jié)構(gòu)表示由動詞變來的名詞后用不定式做定語?！　he way to do　　該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，在一些特定的名詞后面常用不定式做定語，應(yīng)注意記憶，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment　　6) 熟記固定搭配，分清不定式與to加動名詞　　其實容易產(chǎn)生不定式符號與介詞混淆的只是為數(shù)不多的某些句式，只要平時注意積累即可?！　refer doing something to doing something　　look forward to doing something　　be used to doing something (習慣于做某事)　　stick to doing something　　object to doing something/ have objection to doing something　　be opposed to doing something　　ad