【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 be nobody in the room when I came in.3). There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.4). There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street.5). There are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we are carrying out the plan.?There be句型的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語：（有連詞，用句子，沒有連詞，用獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）1). There being no buses, we had to walk home.= Because there were no buses, we had to walk home.2). There having been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.= Because there had been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.?There be句型的非謂語形式：1). I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding between us.2). We expect there to be a chance of studying abroad.3). It is usual for there to be a generation gap between parents and children.32. not/ never ……. until 直到…..才. The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.224。It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how seriousthe pollution was. (強調(diào)句)224。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious thepollution was.（倒裝句）33. not only….. but (also)…..? 引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)：主語時，謂語動詞與鄰近的一個主語保持一致。1). Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly.Not only the students but also the teacher has his eyes examined regularly.2). They suggested we should not only attend the party, but give a performance.224。 They suggested we should give a performance as well as attend the party? not only….. but (also)…..引導(dǎo)并列句時，not only引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時要部分倒裝1). Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship wastaken away.2). Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoyourselves in our spare time.34. prefer to do A rather than do B…（兩者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B== would rather do A than do B1). I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the park in such weather.2). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefer to ride a bicycle. rather +從句（從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句中謂語動詞用一般過去式，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?；從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，表示對過去的愿望）1). I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在就把信寄出去。2). A friend of yours will e to see you today. 你的一位朋友今天要來看你。 I’d rather he came here tomorrow. 我倒情愿他明天來。3). I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together. 我倒情愿你不是什么名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時間在一起。4). I’d rather I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒見到她。36. 不能用would rather sb. do （更愿讓某人干某事）的形式，可轉(zhuǎn)化為would rather have sb do或轉(zhuǎn)化為 would rather +從句** Who would you rather _____ with the teacher about the problem?A. talking B. talk C. have talked D. have talk 答案：D37. so, neither/ nor 引導(dǎo)得倒裝句?表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情況也適用于后者，用so, neither/ nor 引導(dǎo)得倒裝句，助動詞的選擇依據(jù)前一句的謂語動詞。1). He has finished his homework, so have I.2). My sister prefers coffee, so do I.3). John can’t ride a bicycle, neither/ nor can I.4). If he buys the book, so will his classmates.? 若前句的謂語動詞既有肯定又有否定形式時，或謂語動詞不屬于一類時，用It is /wasthe same with sb. 或 So it is/ was with sb.He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.? 若后一句是對前一句所說的內(nèi)容表示贊同或認(rèn)可，則主語和謂語不倒裝。1). It is cold today. Yes. So it is2). He visited Tokyo last week. Yes. So he did.38. 倍數(shù)表達法：? A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+the +n.(size/ height/ length……)+of B? A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+as + abj. + as B? A + 謂語+倍數(shù)+adj. 比較級+than B224。 A + 謂語+adj. 比較級+than B+by+倍數(shù)1).This square is twice the size of that one.224。 This square is twice as large as that one.224。 This square is once larger than that one.2).This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago.3).He is 3 years older than I224。 He is older than I by 3 years39. sb. spend money/ time on sth / in doing sthsb. pay money (to sb) for sth.sth. cost sb. money/ timeIt takes sb. some time to do sth.1). The time he spends watching TV is as much as he does doing his homework.2). The mp3. for which he paid only ￥150 proved to be useful.3). The naughty boy cost his mother many sleepless nights.40. 當(dāng)all, each, both, every 基every, each 的復(fù)合詞語否定詞連用時，為部分否定，“并非都….”1). Not all of them went to the party last All of them didn’t go to the party last night.2). Both of the answers are not right.(=Only one of the two answers is right.)3). We couldn’t eat in the restaurant, because ___ of us had ____ money.A. all, no B. all, any C. none , any D. none, no 答案：C“隨……進展”，as 后面接句子，with后面接短語With the industry developing, the pollution is being more and more serious.224。As the industry develops, the pollution is being more and more serious. if 與If only? Only if=if, 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句1). Only if I lend you a hand? I’m sure I can finish it on time.? If only = How I wish…., 引導(dǎo)的句子用虛擬語氣，表示難以實現(xiàn)的愿望*** If only = How I wish 主語+情態(tài)動詞+V.（謂語動詞的動作在wish之后進行）主語+動詞的一般過去式（謂語動詞的動作與wish同時