【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 交融，合二為一。It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(賦予) to inanimate(無生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.　　例如:　　1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.3.She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)一個夏天她可能生育成千上萬個孩子。 這里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人類婦女的生育。 4.My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again. 我唯一擔心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。 英語里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，賦以生命，使人們讀起來親切生動。 夸張,增加表達效果.. 運用豐富的想象，過激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達到強調(diào)的效果。It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.例如:　　1.I beg a thousand pardons.　　2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.4.My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。 5.When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 當我將這件事告訴我們的父親時，他的心幾乎要迸出來。 6.My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone. 從電話里一聽到我女兒的聲音，我的心幾乎停止跳動。 排比, 平行[39。p230。r?leliz?m]　　這種修辭法是把兩個或兩個以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),形成一個整體.　　例如:　　1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free。 no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral。 no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 委婉,婉辭法　　用溫和的、間接的詞語代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語，以避免直接說出不愉快的事實冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫的、沮喪的局面。婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達粗惡,避諱的話. It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(無冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to die as pass away.　　例如:　　1.He is out visiting the .　　2.His relation with his wife has not been .3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.4.He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in his health and prophesied the speedy ruin of the empire.5.senior citizens代替old people。 low ine brackets代替poor people。 handicapped代替crippled。 washroom\ men’s\women’s room代替lavatory。 emotionally disturbed代替mad。 a slow learner\ an under achiever代替a stupid pupil. 諷喻,比方　　這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為換個方式的說法.它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.　　例如:　　1.Make the hay while the sun shines.　　2.It39。s time to turn plough into sword. 反語　　,用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚時,則近乎責難的說法. 是指用含蓄的褒義詞語來表示其反面的意義，從而達到使本義更加幽默，更加諷刺的效果。It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.　　例如:　　1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.2Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. the waiter said to the beggar.3.Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，當然，我知道像你這樣的先生只帶大票子。 店員這句話意在諷刺這位穿破衣的顧客：像你這樣的人怎么會有大票子呢？名為“gentlemen”實則“beg gar”而已。4.Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.【sarcasm的特點是尖刻，往往蓄意中傷或譏諷；irony的特點是幽默或俏皮，故意使用同本意相反的說法，必須靠其語調(diào)或筆調(diào)表示真意；satire可用來泛指irony，sarcasm等，其特點是用來諷刺社會向現(xiàn)象或一些人，不像sarcasm那樣指個人?！?雙關(guān)　　雙關(guān)就是用一個詞在句子中的雙重含義,旁敲側(cè)擊,. 是以一個詞或詞組，用巧妙的辦法同時把互不關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種含義結(jié)合起來，以取得一種詼諧有趣的效果。It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here arms has two meanings: a person39。s body。 weapons carried by a soldier.)　　例如:　　1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.　　2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3.If we don39。t hang together, we shall hang separately.4.Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一詞一語雙關(guān)，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役。 5.Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie on one side, and then on the other, and remain wide awake all the time. 仿擬　　,改動其中部分詞語,從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.　　例如:　　1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.　　2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.4.To smoke or not to smoke, that is a question.5.Wine was thicker than blood to the Mondavi brothers, who feuded bitterly over control of the family business, Charles Krug Winery. question 修辭疑問　　它與疑問句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點是:肯定問句表示強烈否定,.　　例如:　　1.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?　　2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered? 對照,對比,對偶It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced sructural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver。 silence is golden. A figure of speech in which sharply contrasting ideas are juxtaposed in a balanced or parallel phrase or grammatical structure.　　這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語句排在一起對比的一種修辭方法.（將強烈對立的想法并列于穩(wěn)定、對等的短語或語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的修辭方法。）　　例如:　　1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.　　2.You are staying。 I am going.3.Give me liberty, or give me death.4.Take little, give more.5.Pride hurts, modesty ，謙受益。6.All for one, one for ，我為人人。 雋語　這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長的說法,是一種矛盾修辭法..　例如:1.More haste, less speed.2.The child is the father to the 。3.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.4.There are two ways of rising in the world, either by your own industry or by the folly of others.5.Nothing is more fatal to happiness than the rememberance of happiness.6.I believe, though, that praise should be measured, if there must be any,