【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 三、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學生’）We all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’） 四、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立結構)。感嘆詞：oh, hello, aha, ah,等?？隙ㄔ~yes否定詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。如: The story, I think, has never e to the end./我相信,這個故事還遠沒結束.情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實際上,certainly當然，等。 五、分詞獨立結構：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應有自己的邏輯主語，構成分詞獨立結構。例：錯句：Studying hard, your score will go up.正確：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard, your score will go up.解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既your score . 顯然做study的應是人，不應是your score（分數(shù)）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致( 同為you )。正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,(不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結構了). 分詞獨立結構常省略being, having ‘There being...’的場合不能省略.如：Game (being) over, he went home.He stands there, book (being) in hand. 獨立結構還可用with、without引導，作狀語或定語。這種結構不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略?。?句子成分練習題( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分， 4分鐘）① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man ing here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today39。s homework without the teacher39。s help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分， 10分鐘）① I don39。t like the picture on the wall.A. don39。t B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer es.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast⑥ Tom didn39。t do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn39。t C. do D. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）① My brother hasn39。t done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn39。t know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語（5分， 5分鐘）① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘）① They use Mr. and Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was