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ing解析:答案C。lie(lay, lain, lying)“平躺,位于”;lie(lied, lied, lying)“撒謊”;lay(laid, laid, laying)“放置”。根據(jù)題意,應該用“平躺”之意。分詞表示的動作與其修飾的詞之間是主動關系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,所以選C。7)_______ tomorrow’s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends. (《大學英語》(B)Test 5, 45) A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared C. Not to prepare D. Being not prepared解析:答案B。非謂語動詞的否定形式都是在最前邊加not,排除D。由于“還沒有完成對明天功課的準備”,因此“不能跟朋友外出玩?!?,根據(jù)句意,強調(diào)動作的完成性,用完成式。(八)主要情態(tài)動詞A. 情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、必須、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動詞無人稱變化,在句子中和動詞原形一起組成謂語。常用的情態(tài)動詞有must,can,be able to,need,shall, should(ought to), could,would。注意:mustn’t的意思是“禁止”,needn’t的意思是“無須,不必”。B. 情態(tài)動詞后接完成時的用法1.must+have done:這一結構表示對過去一個動作比較有把握的猜測。. The ground was very wet. It must have rained during the night.2.should (ought to )+have done:這一結構表示本來應該做卻沒有做的事情。. I’m sorry I am late, I should have gotten up earlier. 我很抱歉我遲到了,我本應早點兒起床的。3.could+have done:這一結構表示本來能做的事情而沒有做。. Catherine could have bought that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy friend. 凱瑟琳本來可以買那件大衣的,但是她把錢借給一個更急需的朋友了。4.need not + have done: 這一結構表示本來沒有必要做的事情卻做了。. You need not have done the 。C. 例題講解1)The young lady ing over to us ______ our English teacher。 the way she walks tells us that! (《大學英語》(B)Test 1, 42)A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be解析:A。從后面的進一步解釋中我們可以看到說話人語氣十分肯定,表示對……很有把握的推測。2)You ______ buy some reference books when you go to college. (《大學英語》(B)Test 3, 27)A. could B. will have to C. must D. might解析:B。could與might與題意不符。must表示“主觀要求必須做某事”,have to則表示“客觀情況要求不得不做某事”。根據(jù)題意,選B最恰當。3)He didn’t pass the final examination. He ______ it. (《大學英語》(B)Test 3, 28)A. must have prepared for B. ought to prepare forC. ought to have prepared for D. ought to prepare for解析:C。此題考查情態(tài)動詞+完成式?!皁ught to+完成式”表示過去本應該做卻沒有做。 (九)動詞的語態(tài)A. 知識要點1.動詞的語態(tài)表示主語和謂語之間的關系。英語有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)的形式:be+過去分詞。. Such stories are published for children.. The TV was turned on and everybody sat there, watching it. 2.英語中的一些感官動詞如see, watch, notice, hear和使役動詞make, have, let +不帶to的不定式(do sth.), 但在被動語態(tài)中to則不能少。. I saw him enter the classroom. / He was seen to enter the classroom..3.在need, want, require等及物動詞后面接動名詞的主動形式可以表示被動含義。. My hair needs 。注意:The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。B.例題講解1)Every year thousands of lives ______ in road accidents because of careless driving. (《大學英語》(B)Test 1, 41)A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost解析:D。因為是每一年,所以句子用現(xiàn)在時;生命被奪走,所以用被動語態(tài)。 2)After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ______ all sorts of awkward questions. (《大學英語》(B)Test 3, 40)A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer解析:D。題項中將make sb. do sth.(讓某人干某事)轉換成了被動語態(tài) sb. was made to do sth.(某人被讓干某時),因此to不能少。3)My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs ______.A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaning解析:A。need+動名詞主動形式(cleaning)可以表被動含義。(十) 虛擬語氣A.虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式,用來表達說話人的主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況,考試中以虛擬語氣為考點的試題也不算少,大家應該盡量掌握。B.知識要點1.虛擬語氣用于if引導的條件狀語從句表示對不可能發(fā)生的事實的一種假設;或對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事實進行一種相反情況的假設; 時 間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式虛擬現(xiàn)在時(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) 動詞的過去式(be一般用were) should (would, could,might )+動詞原形虛擬過去時(與過去事實相反) had done should (would, could,might )+have done虛擬將來時(與將來事實可能相反) 動詞過去式should+動詞原形were to+動詞原形 should (would, could,might )+動詞原形 2.虛擬語氣用在表示要求、命令、建議語氣的詞引導的從句中:(1)用在動詞suggest(建議), order(命令), insist(堅持), require(需要), demand(要求),propose(提議)等引導的賓語從句中,以及它們相應的名詞suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表語和同位語從句中,這個從句的謂語要用“(should)+動詞原形” . We suggested that he(should)start 。. My suggestion is that we(should)send a few people to help the other 。 (2) 用在“It +be+ natural(necessary,strange,important,essential以及insisted,suggested,ordered)+that…”結構中的that引導的主語從句以及它們相應的名詞(引導的表語和同位語從句中;從句的謂語用“(should)+動詞原形”. It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting. 你有必要參加會議。3.虛擬語氣運用其他從句中:(1)運用在wish后面的從句中表示“愿望”,運用在as if從句中表示“好像”,謂語形式:用動詞的過去式虛擬現(xiàn)在的情況;用過去完成式虛擬過去的情況;用would(或might)+動詞原形虛擬將來的情況。I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。It is wished that he had not made the 。 The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were ,就好像她瘋了一樣。(3)運用在would rather后面的從句中 表示“希望”,用動詞的過去式虛擬現(xiàn)在或將來的情況,用過去完成式虛擬過去的情況。 . I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看過這部電影。(4)運用在It is (high) time后邊的從句中 表示“該干……的時間到了”,用動詞的過去式或should+動詞原形。. It is time that we had/should have a 。C.例題講解1)Had you e five minutes earlier, you ______ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. (《大學英語》(B)Test 1, 43)A. would catch B. would have caught C. could catch D. should catch解析:B。虛擬語氣用法,這里是對過去發(fā)生的事情虛擬,用“if從句+had e,主句+would have caught”。此題前面的從句省略了if,所以根據(jù)句法要求倒裝,將had提前到句首。2)The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ______ a lecture on the philosopher Sartre. (《大學英語》(B)Test 3, 39)A. gave B. give C. would give D. had given解析:B。request(要求)后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,從句的謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”。3)I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. (《大學英語》(B)Test 4, 36) A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend解析:B。wish后的從句用虛擬語氣。當表示與將來希望相反時,從句中的謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”。 4)I would rather _______ two weeks earlier. (《大學英語》(B)Test 4, 45) A. you should e here B. you e here C. you came here D. you had e here解析:D。would rather后的從句用過去完成式虛擬過去的情況。5)It’s time we _______ the lecture because everybody has arrived. (《大學英語》(B)Test 4, 26) A. will start B. shall start C. start D. started解析:D。“It i