新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版第三冊(cè)課文翻譯(編輯修改稿)
2025-05-04 00:02 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ual39。spersonalpointofview.Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem。agardenercoveredindirtinagreenhousemaybeaworkerwhileawelldressedcitymayormayprovetobeanunhappylaborer!處于勞役和玩樂(lè)之間的就是工作。如果人們的個(gè)人興趣跟社會(huì)付酬讓他們做的工作相吻合，他們就被稱為工作者。社會(huì)上看來(lái)一定是苦工的事情對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)卻是自在的玩樂(lè)活動(dòng)。一份活到底應(yīng)定為工作還是勞役并不取決于其本身，而是承擔(dān)這份活的個(gè)人感受。比如，二者的區(qū)別與是體力活還是腦力活或尊嚴(yán)的高低沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)。溫室里滿身塵土的園丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市長(zhǎng)則可能是一個(gè)不開(kāi)心的勞役者！People39。sattitudetowardtheirworkdetermineseverything.Toworkers,leisuremeanssimplythehourstheyneedtorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Workersarethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisureratherthantoomuch.Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfrompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.人們對(duì)自己工作的態(tài)度決定了一切。對(duì)工作者而言，閑暇只是為了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的時(shí)間。因此，工作者更傾向于投入更多的時(shí)間工作，而花在休閑上的時(shí)間并非很多，而是很少。而對(duì)勞役者而言，休閑意味著從被迫狀態(tài)中得到自主。因此，他們自然會(huì)想，花在勞作上的時(shí)間越少，自在玩樂(lè)的時(shí)間越多，則越好。Besidesthemerehoursspentinleisure,workersandlaborersdifferintheamountofpersonalsatisfactiontheyderivefromtheirjobs.Workerswhoenjoytheirjobswillbehappier,lessstressed,andgenerallymoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.Ontheotherhand,laborers,whosesoleincentiveisearningtheirlivelihood,feelthatthetimetheyspendonthedailygrindiswastedanddoesn39。tcontributetotheirhappiness.Insteadofvaluingall24hoursoftheirdayasenjoyableandproductivehours,theygaugeonlythetimespentinleisureandplayasmeaningful.Unfortunately,laborersarealltoomonplace,andonlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationisintheluckypositionofbeingworkers.除了花在閑暇上的時(shí)間不同，工作者和勞役者的區(qū)別還在于他們從工作中獲得的個(gè)人滿足感不同。工作者喜歡自己的工作，感覺(jué)更快樂(lè)，更輕松，通常對(duì)自己的生活更滿意。他們工作起來(lái)也會(huì)更勤奮，更精細(xì)，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己的工作已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了一種自豪感。相反，由于勞役者的唯一動(dòng)力是掙生活費(fèi)，他們覺(jué)得每天花在苦差上的時(shí)間是一種浪費(fèi)，不會(huì)讓自己快樂(lè)。他們不把每天的24小時(shí)都當(dāng)作愉快有用的時(shí)光，認(rèn)為只有花在休閑娛樂(lè)上的時(shí)間才是有意義的。不幸的是，勞役者太常見(jiàn)了，只有一小部分人能有幸成為工作者。Inrecentdecades,technologicalinnovationandthedivisionoflaborhavecausedmajoreconomicchangesbyeliminatingtheneedforspecialstrengthorskillinmanyfieldsandhaveturnedmanypaidoccupationswithenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.Increasingproductivitywithautomatedmachines,suchasrobots,hasreducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.Itispossibletoimagineanupingsocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulationwillhavealmostasmuchleisuretimeasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythemedievalaristocracy.Themedievalaristocratshadanabundanceofleisuretimebutoftenwasteditintrivialpursuitofgamesandfashion.Likewise,moderndaylaborerswithtoomuchleisuretimemayfinditdifficulttorefrainfromtheaddictiveandtrivialpursuitsofcelebritygossip,extravagantfashion,andexcessivevideogamesandTVsimilarbadhabitsthatwastevaluabletime.近幾十年，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和勞動(dòng)分工使許多領(lǐng)域不再需要專長(zhǎng)或特殊技能，導(dǎo)致了重大經(jīng)濟(jì)變革，把許多可以通過(guò)開(kāi)心工作來(lái)掙錢(qián)的職業(yè)變成了枯燥的勞役。隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器如機(jī)器人的使用，日益提高的生產(chǎn)力減少了必要的勞作時(shí)間?？梢韵胂螅诩磳⒌絹?lái)的社會(huì)中，大多數(shù)人會(huì)擁有同早期中世紀(jì)貴族一樣多的閑暇時(shí)間。中世紀(jì)貴族有大量的閑暇時(shí)間，但卻往往耗費(fèi)在玩游戲和對(duì)時(shí)尚的無(wú)聊追求上。同樣，有太多閑暇時(shí)間的現(xiàn)代勞役者們會(huì)覺(jué)得很難擺脫那些無(wú)聊又易上癮的追求，像名人八卦、奢華時(shí)尚、過(guò)度電子游戲和電視等諸如此類浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間的壞習(xí)慣。However,it39。snotnecessarytotakesuchatoxicattitudetowardsuchapositivethingasleisuretime.Infact,inmanycountries,peoplenowusetheirleisuretimetoimprovetheirmindsandtheirworkingconditionstocreateahappier,morecontentedlife.Lifelonglearningcanmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheiremploymentandlife.Continuingeducationorexperientiallearningcanofferanarrayofclassesfrompleasantdiversionssuchassports,artclassesormusictoleadershipdevelopment,advancedaccountingskills,orCAD(puteraided16
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