【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,如:I have told them to_e again tomorrow. (2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.173。ing形式作賓補(bǔ),表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程,如:I hear her singing in the room. 我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。6.v.173。ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。 v.173。ing形式:表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。 不定式:作目的或結(jié)果狀語。7.v.173。ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別: (1)語態(tài)不同:v.173。ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說; the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾 (2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,如: the changing world正在變化的世界 the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界8.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):有時(shí)v.173。ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語,這種獨(dú)立的主語一般為名詞或代詞,和v.173。ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語。 獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.173。ing還是過去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系來定,如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意:①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been??墒∪?,如: The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room. ②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)??捎脀ith短語來代替, 如: She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. = She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks. 非謂語的解題步驟或思路(1)先判斷空格部分所需的是主句,從句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。 獨(dú)立的句子, 從句或非謂語 獨(dú)立的句子 加句號(hào),分號(hào)或破折號(hào)的話,后再加一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。 獨(dú)立的句子,(逗號(hào)) 有and,but, so 等詞 加獨(dú)立的句子。 (2)再根據(jù)主句的主語,來判斷主動(dòng)或被動(dòng);(3)接下來再判斷時(shí)態(tài),(4)如果是否定的話,not一定要放在非謂語的前面(5)一定不要忘記主語一致的原則,如果不一致的話,要把非謂語的獨(dú)立主語加上。非謂語常見的位置,或在句子中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?) 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語, + 主句 或者是 主句, 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語這時(shí)的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語起到狀語的作用 例如: influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities. 在這種情況下,首先,找出主句的主語,然后以主句的主語為出發(fā)點(diǎn),來判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng),如果已有的非謂語動(dòng)詞的主語和主句主語不一致,還要考慮獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是把非謂語動(dòng)詞的自己的主語加上去:例如: All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非謂語動(dòng)詞和主句的動(dòng)詞比較,看是否同時(shí)發(fā)生還是有明顯的先后。 (2) 跟在介詞,動(dòng)詞或某些形容詞的后面固定搭配(3) 介詞后一定要加動(dòng)詞的ing 形式;(4) 跟在名詞后面做定語時(shí), 一般不用having done/ having been done 結(jié)構(gòu)(5) 放在句首做主語 , 一般用動(dòng)詞的ing 和to do …特殊的非謂語短語Generally speaking 一般來說 Considering …. 考慮到,鑒于Time/weather permitting 時(shí)間、天氣允許的話Taking …into account 考慮到 Taking …into consideration 考慮到Provided …假如 Providing…假如 Suppose…假如 Supposing…假如Juding from/ by…根據(jù)…判斷 Given sth 假如,如果;鑒于,考慮到Given that…假如,如果;鑒于,考慮到常見接動(dòng)詞ing形式的動(dòng)詞記憶口訣:避免錯(cuò)過少延期 avoid miss postpone建議完成多練習(xí) suggest finish practise喜歡想象禁不住 enjoy imagine can’t help承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒 admit deny envy逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒escape rish excuse忍受保持不介意 stand keep mind常見接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞記憶口訣:動(dòng)詞不定做賓語,期??视袚?dān)起,愿望碰巧有出現(xiàn),假裝安排不拒絕,準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃卻失敗,好像提供又猶豫,企圖要把目標(biāo)證,愛恨要求做選擇練習(xí):一、選擇正確的選項(xiàng)。1:The ground is with leave. A. covered 。 falling B. covered 。 fallen C. covering 。 falling D. covering 。 fallen2:It was stupid your advice. A. for me to not take B. for me not to take C. of me to not take D. of me not to take 3: Did you get your pay ? Yes ,I remember .But I forget the exact amount. A. being paid B. to be paid C. paying D. having paid 4: of reading, he put down the book and stopped TV. A. Tiring 。 watching B. Tiring 。 to watch C. Tired : to watch D. Tired : watching5: It is important a beginner the correct pronunciation of a foreign language when he studies it. A. of 。 to teach B. for 。 to be taught C. of 。 to be taught D. for 。 to have taught6: That Arab said that he had never heard of a pilot. A. woman’s being B. a woman to be C. a woman’s to be D. a woman being7: We have not decided there by bus or on foot. A. to get B. getting C. if to get D. whether to get8: I must apologize for ahead of time. A. not letting you know B. letting you not know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9: Did you have trouble with your car this morning?Yes , but I finally managed .A. to get it start B. get it starting C. to get it started D. getting it started10: I prefer studying English at home the match. A. to watching B. rather than watching C. rather than D. to watch 11. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.A. spoken B. speaking C. speak160