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常見(jiàn)易混淆英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-01 00:41 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 我們到動(dòng)物園了嗎? The visitors got there last night. 參觀的人昨晚到這兒的。 從上面的句子可以看出,這幾個(gè)詞的區(qū)別不是太大,主要是別用混了介詞。例如 “格林先生昨晚抵達(dá)武漢”可以說(shuō):Mr Green arrived in /got to/reached Wuhan last night.英 語(yǔ) 時(shí) 態(tài)一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) :經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 : Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays, :動(dòng)詞 原形 (如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式) :主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +not+其他。 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don39。t, 如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),則用doesn39。t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 :把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。 :. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..[編輯本段]二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí) :過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 :ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. :be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式 :主語(yǔ)+was/were +not+其他。在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn39。t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 :was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 :She often came to help us in those days. I didn39。t know you were so busy.[編輯本段]三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) :表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 :Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen :主語(yǔ)+be +doing +其他 :主語(yǔ)+be +not +doing+其他 :把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 : How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.[編輯本段]四、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) :表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 :at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 主語(yǔ)+was/were +doing +其他 :主語(yǔ)+was/were + not +doing+其他 :把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě)) :At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.[編輯本段]五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) :過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 :yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. :主語(yǔ)+have/has +(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 :主語(yǔ)+have/has + not +(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 :have或has。 :I39。ve written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.[編輯本段]六、 過(guò)去完成時(shí) :以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 :Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc. :主語(yǔ)+had + (過(guò)去分詞)+其他 :主語(yǔ)+had + not +(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 :had放于句首。 :As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 ①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+ had+(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 ②否定句:主語(yǔ)+ had+ not+(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 ③一般疑問(wèn)句:Had+主語(yǔ)+(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 ④特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句[編輯本段]七、 一般將來(lái)時(shí) :表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 :Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. :主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主語(yǔ)+will/shall + do+其他 :主語(yǔ)+am/is/are not going to do ;主語(yǔ)+will/shall not do+其他 :be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。 :They are going to have a petition with us in studies. It is going to rain.[編輯本段]八、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) :立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 :The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. :主語(yǔ)+was/were +going to + do+其他;主語(yǔ)+would/should + do+其他 :主語(yǔ)+was/were/not + going to + do。 主語(yǔ)+would/should + not + do. :was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 :He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .[編輯本段]九、將來(lái)完成時(shí) :在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) :by the time of。 by the end of+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)(將來(lái))。by the time+從句(將來(lái)) :主語(yǔ)+be going to/will/shall + have+(過(guò)去分詞)+其他 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.[編輯本段]十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) :表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開(kāi)始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。 :主語(yǔ)+have/has +been +doing+其他 :since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。 :I have been sitting here for an hour. The children have been watching TV since six o39。clock.[編輯本段]十一、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been。④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.[編輯本段]十二、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.[編輯本段]十三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)
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