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ippines菲律賓,the Sudan蘇丹。) b)某些機關(guān)團體等組織名稱前: the National People39。s Congress全國人民代表大會,the State Council國務(wù)院,the United Nations聯(lián)合國 c)朝代、時代的名稱前: the Tang dynasty唐朝,the Warring States period戰(zhàn)國時代?! ?)在某些建筑物的名稱前。如: the National Art Gallery國家美術(shù)館,the Great Wall長城,the Peking Zoo北京動物園,the British Museum大英博物館。 4)在報紙、雜志、旅館等名稱前。如: the People39。s Daily《人民日報》,the Reader39。s Digest讀者文摘,the Being Hotel北京飯店。 5)在姓名復(fù)數(shù)形式前,指一家人。如: The Lius have moved to , The Greens came to China for a visit last ?! 〕橄竺~和物質(zhì)名詞前冠詞的用法 1)抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,前面通常不用冠詞,但特指時,則須用定冠詞。試比較: War is the continuation of ?! ur battalion fought north and south during the Anti Japanese War. 我們這個營在抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北?! e is fond of ?! id you like the music of the film?你喜歡這個影片的音樂嗎? Science is making rapid progress in ?! hysics is the science of matter and 。 China is rich in oil. 中國石油豐富?! he oil produced in Dagang is of firstrate ?! ?)抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞如果具體化,表示一個具體情況或動作或某一類物質(zhì)時,前面可用不定冠詞。如: It is a great joy to live in New 。 Liu Hulan has an ardent love for the people and a deep hatred for the ,痛恨敵人?! aotai is a famous Chinese ?! he built a ?! ave a smoke? No,thanks. I gave Up smoking long ago. 抽支煙吧? 謝謝,我早戒煙了?! 〔挥霉谠~的場合 1)專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如: Canada加拿大,Japanese日語,love愛,hatred恨,glass玻璃,water水?! ?)名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時,不用冠詞。如: That is my ?! enjoyed every minute of ?! want this book, not that ,不要那本書?! ?)季節(jié)、月份、星期幾等名稱前,一般不用冠詞。如: Spring has ?! inter is the best time for 。 Her little daughter was born in April 。 We have mathematics on ?! 注]季節(jié)前有時也用冠詞。如in the spring在春季。當(dāng)然也可以說in spring?! ?)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示某一類人或事物時,不用冠詞。如: I don39。t approve of cousins 。 Books are my best ?! ?)稱呼語前面不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)(這種職務(wù)一般只由一人擔(dān)任)的名詞的前面也常不用冠詞。如: What does this word mean, Father?這個詞是什么意思,爸爸? Mrs. Johnson is director of the ?! ?)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。如: by air乘飛機,at night夜間,in fact事實上,in danger在危險中,after school放學(xué)后,at home在家中,in town在城里,to go to school上學(xué)去,to go to bed去睡覺,to go to class去上課,from door to door挨門挨戶,from morning till night從早到晚?! ?)三餐飯的名稱前,常不用冠詞。如: Have you had breakfast?你吃過早飯了嗎? After lunch we usually have a ?! hat did you have for supper?你晚飯吃什么了? [注]但指一特定的餐食時則須用定冠詞,如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快來,要不飯就涼了)?! ?)球類運動、棋類游戲等名詞前不用冠詞。如: My younger brother likes to play table 。 Let39。s go and watch them play ?! ?)節(jié)日、假日等名稱之前不用冠詞。如: New Year39。s Day元旦 National Day國慶節(jié) May Day五一勞動節(jié) Children39。s Day兒童節(jié) Christmas Day圣誕節(jié) 10)報紙和文章的標(biāo)題常常省去冠詞。如: Letter from Beijing: Women in Capital Cotton Mill 《北京來信:首都棉紡廠的婦女》(文章標(biāo)題,letter之前省去了不定冠詞a。) Bosses Force Deadlock on Pay Increase Talks老板們使要求增加工資的談判陷于僵局。(報紙標(biāo)題,bosses前省去the,deadlock前省去a, pay increase talks前省去the。) [英語語法手冊]代詞 定義 代詞(pronoun)是代替名詞的詞: 代詞在句子中的功用 a)和名詞一樣,可作主語、賓語和表語。b)有些代詞和形容詞一樣,可作定語。如: a) I am reading The Arabian 《天方夜譚》。(作主語) This is John Smith speaking.(打電話用語)我是約翰史密斯。(作主語) Can I help you?我能幫你的忙嗎?(作賓語) That39。s 。(作表語) b)His father is an 。(作定語) All men are 。(作定語) 3)格的變化 有些代詞有格的變化,如 I 我(主格),me我(賓格),Who誰(主格),whom誰(賓格)。某些代詞有所有格,如whose誰的,other39。s別人的,somebody39。s某人的,one39。s一個人的?! ?)單復(fù)數(shù)形式 有些代詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。少數(shù)代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則相同,如oneones,otherothers。其他如人稱代詞、物主代詞、自身代詞和指示代詞等,其復(fù)數(shù)形式與此不同,須個別記憶?! ?)有或沒有冠詞 代詞之前一般不用冠詞,只有少數(shù)例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等?! 》N類 英語有下列幾種代詞: 1)人稱代詞(personal pronoun) a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they. b)賓格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them. 2)物主代詞(possessive pronoun): a)形容詞性物主代詞:my,his,her,its;our,your,their. b)名詞性物主代詞:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs. 3)自身代詞(selfpronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself. 4)相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another. 5)指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same. 6)疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what. 7)關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that. 8)不定代詞(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither. 人稱代詞概說 表示我39。,、你、他、我們、你們、他們等的詞,叫做人稱代詞。 人稱代詞的用法 1)人稱代詞主格的用法 a)作主語 I am a cook.(炊事員) We are cooks, You are a teacher.(教師) You are teachers. He is a barber.(理發(fā)員) The yare barbers. She is a nurse.(護士)The yare nurses. It is a cart.(大車) They are carts. b)作表語 It39。s I .是我。 Oh,it39。s you. 噢,是你?! 注一]第一人稱單數(shù)人稱代詞I (我)永遠要大寫。(見上面例句) [注二]口語習(xí)慣上不說it39。s I (he, she等),而說It39。s me (him,her等)?! ?)人稱代詞賓格的用法 a)作及物動詞的賓語 The dog bit 。 Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim ?! his is my new hat. Do you like it ?這是我的新帽子,你喜歡嗎? b)作介詞的賓語 My brother often writes ?! hey took good care of ?! ?)人稱代詞的其他用法 各人稱代詞除按照自身的人稱、數(shù)和格使用外,還有下列一些特殊用法: a)報刊的編輯和文章的作者,在發(fā)表觀點時,常用we代替I (同樣用our代替my)。如: We believe that China will make still greater progress in 。 In our opinion this is the best film of the ?! )用she來代替國家、城市、船舶、飛機以及動物等,以表示親切和愛撫。如: That39。s the picture of the Dongfeng。 she is a 10,000 ton class ocean going 。 The dog waved his tail when he saw his 。 c)北有時可用來代替小孩(child)和嬰兒(baby)。如: The child smiled when it saw its ?! ) they可用來代替一般的人,特別在they say中。如: They say there39。s going to be another good harvest this ?! ∥镏鞔~概說 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格?! ∥镏鞔~的用法 1)形容詞性物主代詞用作定語 I love my work in the 。 How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少學(xué)生? There are many good teachers in our 。 I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains. 我上星期六看了一個電影,名叫《平原游擊隊》?! ?)名詞性物主代詞用作主語、賓語和表語 a)