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英語語法匯總大全(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-11 05:25 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ippines菲律賓,the Sudan蘇丹。)     b)某些機關(guān)團體等組織名稱前:     the National People39。s Congress全國人民代表大會,the State Council國務(wù)院,the United Nations聯(lián)合國   c)朝代、時代的名稱前:    the Tang dynasty唐朝,the Warring States period戰(zhàn)國時代?!   ?)在某些建筑物的名稱前。如:    the National Art Gallery國家美術(shù)館,the Great Wall長城,the Peking Zoo北京動物園,the British Museum大英博物館。      4)在報紙、雜志、旅館等名稱前。如:    the People39。s Daily《人民日報》,the Reader39。s Digest讀者文摘,the Being Hotel北京飯店。  5)在姓名復(fù)數(shù)形式前,指一家人。如:   The Lius have moved to ,   The Greens came to China for a visit last ?!     〕橄竺~和物質(zhì)名詞前冠詞的用法     1)抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,前面通常不用冠詞,但特指時,則須用定冠詞。試比較:   War is the continuation of ?!     ur battalion fought north and south during the Anti Japanese War.     我們這個營在抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北?!  e is fond of ?!   id you like the music of the film?你喜歡這個影片的音樂嗎?     Science is making rapid progress in ?! hysics is the science of matter and 。    China is rich in oil. 中國石油豐富?!     he oil produced in Dagang is of firstrate ?!    ?)抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞如果具體化,表示一個具體情況或動作或某一類物質(zhì)時,前面可用不定冠詞。如:      It is a great joy to live in New 。     Liu Hulan has an ardent love for the people and a deep hatred for the ,痛恨敵人?!     aotai is a famous Chinese ?!   he built a ?!    ave a smoke?   No,thanks. I gave Up smoking long ago.   抽支煙吧?    謝謝,我早戒煙了?!     〔挥霉谠~的場合  1)專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如:   Canada加拿大,Japanese日語,love愛,hatred恨,glass玻璃,water水?!    ?)名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時,不用冠詞。如:    That is my ?!    enjoyed every minute of ?!    want this book, not that ,不要那本書?!   ?)季節(jié)、月份、星期幾等名稱前,一般不用冠詞。如:    Spring has ?!   inter is the best time for 。  Her little daughter was born in April 。   We have mathematics on ?! 注]季節(jié)前有時也用冠詞。如in the spring在春季。當(dāng)然也可以說in spring?!   ?)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示某一類人或事物時,不用冠詞。如:  I don39。t approve of cousins 。  Books are my best ?!    ?)稱呼語前面不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)(這種職務(wù)一般只由一人擔(dān)任)的名詞的前面也常不用冠詞。如:    What does this word mean, Father?這個詞是什么意思,爸爸?      Mrs. Johnson is director of the ?!    ?)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。如:    by air乘飛機,at night夜間,in fact事實上,in danger在危險中,after school放學(xué)后,at home在家中,in town在城里,to go to school上學(xué)去,to go to bed去睡覺,to go to class去上課,from door to door挨門挨戶,from morning till night從早到晚?!   ?)三餐飯的名稱前,常不用冠詞。如:    Have you had breakfast?你吃過早飯了嗎?   After lunch we usually have a ?!  hat did you have for supper?你晚飯吃什么了?     [注]但指一特定的餐食時則須用定冠詞,如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快來,要不飯就涼了)?!   ?)球類運動、棋類游戲等名詞前不用冠詞。如:    My younger brother likes to play table 。    Let39。s go and watch them play ?!  ?)節(jié)日、假日等名稱之前不用冠詞。如:      New Year39。s Day元旦 National Day國慶節(jié)    May Day五一勞動節(jié) Children39。s Day兒童節(jié)    Christmas Day圣誕節(jié)     10)報紙和文章的標(biāo)題常常省去冠詞。如:    Letter from Beijing: Women in Capital Cotton Mill 《北京來信:首都棉紡廠的婦女》(文章標(biāo)題,letter之前省去了不定冠詞a。)   Bosses Force Deadlock on Pay Increase Talks老板們使要求增加工資的談判陷于僵局。(報紙標(biāo)題,bosses前省去the,deadlock前省去a, pay increase talks前省去the。)         [英語語法手冊]代詞    定義 代詞(pronoun)是代替名詞的詞:   代詞在句子中的功用   a)和名詞一樣,可作主語、賓語和表語。b)有些代詞和形容詞一樣,可作定語。如:     a) I am reading The Arabian 《天方夜譚》。(作主語)      This is John Smith speaking.(打電話用語)我是約翰史密斯。(作主語)    Can I help you?我能幫你的忙嗎?(作賓語)    That39。s 。(作表語)     b)His father is an 。(作定語)    All men are 。(作定語)    3)格的變化 有些代詞有格的變化,如 I 我(主格),me我(賓格),Who誰(主格),whom誰(賓格)。某些代詞有所有格,如whose誰的,other39。s別人的,somebody39。s某人的,one39。s一個人的?!   ?)單復(fù)數(shù)形式 有些代詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。少數(shù)代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則相同,如oneones,otherothers。其他如人稱代詞、物主代詞、自身代詞和指示代詞等,其復(fù)數(shù)形式與此不同,須個別記憶?!   ?)有或沒有冠詞 代詞之前一般不用冠詞,只有少數(shù)例外。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等?! 》N類    英語有下列幾種代詞:    1)人稱代詞(personal pronoun)    a)主格:I,he,she,it,we,you,they.      b)賓格:me,him,her,it,us,you,them.     2)物主代詞(possessive pronoun):      a)形容詞性物主代詞:my,his,her,its;our,your,their.   b)名詞性物主代詞:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.    3)自身代詞(selfpronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.    4)相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another.   5)指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,such,same.  6)疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what.  7)關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that.  8)不定代詞(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.    人稱代詞概說   表示我39。,、你、他、我們、你們、他們等的詞,叫做人稱代詞。   人稱代詞的用法      1)人稱代詞主格的用法    a)作主語      I am a cook.(炊事員) We are cooks,      You are a teacher.(教師) You are teachers.  He is a barber.(理發(fā)員) The yare barbers.   She is a nurse.(護士)The yare nurses.   It is a cart.(大車) They are carts.  b)作表語  It39。s I .是我。 Oh,it39。s you. 噢,是你?!   注一]第一人稱單數(shù)人稱代詞I (我)永遠要大寫。(見上面例句)    [注二]口語習(xí)慣上不說it39。s I (he, she等),而說It39。s me (him,her等)?! ?)人稱代詞賓格的用法   a)作及物動詞的賓語   The dog bit 。   Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim ?!    his is my new hat. Do you like it ?這是我的新帽子,你喜歡嗎?      b)作介詞的賓語     My brother often writes ?!     hey took good care of ?!   ?)人稱代詞的其他用法 各人稱代詞除按照自身的人稱、數(shù)和格使用外,還有下列一些特殊用法:    a)報刊的編輯和文章的作者,在發(fā)表觀點時,常用we代替I (同樣用our代替my)。如:   We believe that China will make still greater progress in 。   In our opinion this is the best film of the ?!    )用she來代替國家、城市、船舶、飛機以及動物等,以表示親切和愛撫。如:    That39。s the picture of the Dongfeng。 she is a 10,000 ton class ocean going 。      The dog waved his tail when he saw his 。    c)北有時可用來代替小孩(child)和嬰兒(baby)。如:  The child smiled when it saw its ?!  ) they可用來代替一般的人,特別在they say中。如:     They say there39。s going to be another good harvest this ?!    ∥镏鞔~概說   表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格?!  ∥镏鞔~的用法  1)形容詞性物主代詞用作定語    I love my work in the 。     How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少學(xué)生?    There are many good teachers in our 。  I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.   我上星期六看了一個電影,名叫《平原游擊隊》?! ?)名詞性物主代詞用作主語、賓語和表語    a)
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