改善管理方法控制豬的傳染性疾病(編輯修改稿)
2025-04-18 00:37 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 achieve 必須采取的管理辦法1. Allin, allout 全進(jìn)全出制 – Infectious agents pass from pig to pig 傳染源可在豬只間傳播– Allin, allout limits that risk 全進(jìn)全出制 防止這種冒險(xiǎn)– Apply at each stage of cycle: 應(yīng)用于每一循環(huán)的各個(gè)階段：? Farrowing 產(chǎn)仔? Weaning 斷奶? Growers and rearing 生長與育成? Finishers 育肥– Must be NO mixing of batches throughout the system 整個(gè)系統(tǒng)各批次間不能有交叉– Pigs that have not performed as well as rest of group must NOT be held back into next batch 未達(dá)標(biāo)的豬只不能保留混入下一批次 – Staff must work from youngest to oldest animals 工作人員必須跟隨動(dòng)物流動(dòng)Management practices you MUST aim to achieve 必須采取的管理辦法2. Batch production 分批生產(chǎn)? To achieve the batch segregation that is needed for an allin, allout policy using traditional weekly system is often difficult because of housing limitations 由于畜舍的限制，傳統(tǒng)的以周為單位的生產(chǎn)模式往往很難實(shí)現(xiàn)全進(jìn)全出制所需要的批次隔離? Changing to batch farrowing creates large enough batches 改為批次產(chǎn)仔以使每個(gè)批次可以足夠大? A threeweekly batch system has been proven to work: 每 3周為一批次的系統(tǒng)被證明是有效的 :– Larger batch sizes allows better batch segregation 每批的數(shù)目越大越易于實(shí)現(xiàn)批次隔離– It fits the sow’s natural 3 week cycle and is easier to manage 符合母豬 3周為一情期的自然規(guī)律，易于管理– A 21week production cycle allows weaning at 4 weeks, which is preferable 21周的生產(chǎn)循環(huán)，仔豬在產(chǎn)后 4周斷奶，是比較理想的– Allows weekly segmentation of labour to cover intensive tasks such as service, farrowing, weaning, cleansing and disinfection 便于每周勞力的精細(xì)分工，諸如：服務(wù)、產(chǎn)仔、斷奶、清洗和消毒 Management practices you MUST aim to achieve 必須采取的管理辦法3. Limit mixing of pigs to absolute minimum 最大限度地限制豬只混養(yǎng)– Mixing pigs increases pigtopig contact and places pigs under stress 混養(yǎng)增加豬只間的接觸，并使其處于緊張狀態(tài)– If possible, maintain pig groups from weaning to finishing 可能的話，從斷奶到肥育維持豬只分組不變– Wean all piglets on same day。 keep litters as family groups 仔豬在同一天斷奶，保持每窩為一小組– If must have larger groups, mix minimum number of litters 如果必須將不同窩的豬混合組成較大的組，要使窩數(shù)達(dá)到最小– Keep growers/rearers in same established group. 保持生長豬 /育成豬始終在同一個(gè)小組中– Better to split each group down to form smaller groups rather than mix pigs to produce desired group size 最好是通過將每組分成小群，來達(dá)到預(yù)期的小組規(guī)模，而不是通過豬只混合的方法– For finishing, pigs should arrive as an established group. 同組的豬只應(yīng)同時(shí)進(jìn)入肥育期– Split groups down if needed to match acmodation 為了適應(yīng)畜舍可把組細(xì)分– Do not mix groups to increase group size 不要混合組來增加組的大小Must be no mixing of batches at any part of the system在系統(tǒng)的每個(gè)部分杜絕不同批次間的混養(yǎng)Management practices you MUST aim to achieve 必須采取的管理辦法4. Apply strict cleaning and disinfection procedures 嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行清洗及消毒程序 – Most infectious agents survive in waste anic matter 大多數(shù)傳染源生存于有機(jī)廢物中– If pens are not fully disinfected, disease passes to next group of pigs 如果豬圈消毒不完全 , 疾病會(huì)傳給下一組豬只– Cleanse and disinfect immediately after pigs are moved out: 豬遷出后要立即清洗、消毒? Soak with water, to make removal of anic material easier 用水浸泡 ,使有機(jī)物質(zhì)容易清除? Preclean with water 先用水沖洗? Clean with detergent 用清潔劑清洗? Rinse with water 用水漂凈? Disinfect 消毒? Allow to dry out pletely before next batch of pigs moves in 在下一批豬移入之前，使其完全干燥 ? Provide disinf
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