【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 ther, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如： He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1 ） 書上說(shuō) ， 報(bào)紙上說(shuō) 等。例如： The newspaper says that it39。s going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說(shuō)明天會(huì)很冷的。 2） 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。例如： Napoleon39。s army now advances and the great battle ，大戰(zhàn)開始了 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí) 1） 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)，如 hear, tell, learn, write , understand, fet, know, find , say, remember 等。例如： I hear （ = have heard） he will go to London. 我聽說(shuō)了他將去倫敦。 I fet （ =have fotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 2） 用句型 It is … since… 代替 It has been … since … 。例如： It is （ = has been） five years since we last met. 從我們上次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)，五年過(guò)去了。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 在 Here es…/There goes… 等句型里，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) 1） 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。例如： Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一 起度周末好嗎 ? We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。 2） 漸變動(dòng)詞，如 get, run, grow, bee, begin 以及瞬間動(dòng)詞 die 等。例如： He is dying. 他要死了。 時(shí)態(tài)一致 1） 如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對(duì)不變的事實(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時(shí)，人們不知道地球是動(dòng)的。 He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。 2） 賓語(yǔ)從句中的，助動(dòng)詞 ought, need, must, dare 的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。例如： 中小學(xué) 1對(duì) 1課外輔導(dǎo)專家 精銳教育網(wǎng)站： 精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。 時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)： 一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查 ：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。近幾年，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾。 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storm.（ 2020 年遼寧卷） A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called ：在以 when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引導(dǎo) 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在以 if,unless, once 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和以 no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （ 2020 年全國(guó)卷） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析： if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái) 二、對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time 等。但一般過(guò)去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒(méi)有說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中， 這是高考的命題方向。 More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（ 2020 年上海卷） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查 由上下文語(yǔ)境表示時(shí)間 — What’s the terrible noise？ — The neighbours ____ for a party. （ 2020 年北京卷） A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 四、對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查 when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中考查。如果主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表達(dá)談話背景；動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)新的信息。 —You were out when I dropped in at your house. —Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （ 2020 年福建卷） A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 。 —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （ 2020 年全國(guó)卷） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 。 Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.（ 98） 中小學(xué) 1對(duì) 1課外輔導(dǎo)專家 精銳教育網(wǎng)站： 精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查 ，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng) 作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ① He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.（ 2020 年湖北卷） A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide ② Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （ 2020 年重慶卷） A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused ，常與 for 或 since 等短語(yǔ)連用。 —The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks. （ 2020 年全國(guó)卷） A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned ：一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（ 98NMET） — I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. A. did you put。 have put B. have you put。 put C. had you put。 was putting D. were you putting。 put 六、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查 現(xiàn)在完成與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下： ，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。 I have written an article.（已完成） I have been writing an article. （還在寫） ，如 live, teach, work, study, learn, stay 等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been l