【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 ther, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,條件句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如: He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般過去時 1 ) 書上說 , 報紙上說 等。例如: The newspaper says that it39。s going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。 2) 敘述往事,使其生動。例如: Napoleon39。s army now advances and the great battle ,大戰(zhàn)開始了 一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完 成時 1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時,如 hear, tell, learn, write , understand, fet, know, find , say, remember 等。例如: I hear ( = have heard) he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。 I fet ( =have fotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 2) 用句型 It is … since… 代替 It has been … since … 。例如: It is ( = has been) five years since we last met. 從我們上次見面以來,五年過去了。 一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。 在 Here es…/There goes… 等句型里,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。例如: There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時 1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計劃好的活動。例如: Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一 起度周末好嗎 ? We are leaving soon. 我們馬上就走。 2) 漸變動詞,如 get, run, grow, bee, begin 以及瞬間動詞 die 等。例如: He is dying. 他要死了。 時態(tài)一致 1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對不變的事實,則用現(xiàn)在時。例如: At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時,人們不知道地球是動的。 He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。 2) 賓語從句中的,助動詞 ought, need, must, dare 的時態(tài)是不變的。例如: 中小學(xué) 1對 1課外輔導(dǎo)專家 精銳教育網(wǎng)站: 精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。 時態(tài)考點: 一、對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查 :一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。近幾年,對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查常用過去時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對考生進行干擾。 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storm.( 2020 年遼寧卷) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called :在以 when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before 等引導(dǎo) 的時間狀語從句,在以 if,unless, once 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以 no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時,從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. ( 2020 年全國卷) A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析: if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,在條件狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來 二、對一般過去時的考查 一般過去時表示在過去某時某刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),它常與表過去的時間狀語連用,如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time 等。但一般過去時也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時間狀語的句子中, 這是高考的命題方向。 More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.( 2020 年上海卷) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 三、對現(xiàn)在進行時的考查 由上下文語境表示時間 — What’s the terrible noise? — The neighbours ____ for a party. ( 2020 年北京卷) A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 四、對過去進行時的考查 when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去,動作時間長的用過去進行時,表達(dá)談話背景;動作時間短的用一般過去時,表達(dá)新的信息。 —You were out when I dropped in at your house. —Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. ( 2020 年福建卷) A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 。 —Has Sam finished his homework today? —I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. ( 2020 年全國卷) A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 。 Shirely____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.( 98) 中小學(xué) 1對 1課外輔導(dǎo)專家 精銳教育網(wǎng)站: 精銳教育教務(wù)管理部 written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 五、對現(xiàn)在完成時的考查 ,而且強調(diào)動 作對現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗。 ① He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he canborrow money from the bank.( 2020 年湖北卷) A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide ② Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. ( 2020 年重慶卷) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused ,常與 for 或 since 等短語連用。 —The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks. ( 2020 年全國卷) A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned :一般過去時著重說明動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、 方式等,與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系;而現(xiàn)在完成時只說明現(xiàn)在的情況,對現(xiàn)在有影響。 —Where _________ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.( 98NMET) — I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone. A. did you put。 have put B. have you put。 put C. had you put。 was putting D. were you putting。 put 六、對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的考查 現(xiàn)在完成與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別如下: ,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時是持續(xù)了一段時間的動作,這個動作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。 I have written an article.(已完成) I have been writing an article. (還在寫) ,如 live, teach, work, study, learn, stay 等因現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時差別不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been l