環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第十章捕食的性質(zhì)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-16 08:42 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 (K1) cycles and chaos (H4) The dynamics of parasitism K2) 相關(guān)主題 出生率、死亡率和種群增長（ H2） 種群動態(tài) ——波動、周期和混沌（ H4） 捕食行為和獵物反應(yīng)（ J2） 寄生的性質(zhì)（ K1） 寄生的動態(tài)（ K2） Given a choice between two potential prey types, a predator which is optimizing its effort should choose the most profitable prey. Evidence from mon shore crabs and pied wagtails demonstrates that prey of a size which return the greatest energy reward per unit time are preferred over smaller and larger individuals. Key Notes Profitability of prey J2 PRED ATOR BEHAVIOR AND PREY RESPNSE J2 捕食行為和獵物反應(yīng) 要 點(diǎn) 獵物收益率 面對兩種類型獵物的選擇時，捕食者要獲得最佳捕獲努力，就應(yīng)該選擇收益最大的獵物。真蟹和白脊 令 的證據(jù)表明捕食者優(yōu)先選擇能使其在單位時間內(nèi)獲得最大能量的一定大小的獵物，而不是比該體積更大或更小的獵物。 鳥 鳥 Predators may alter or ‘switch’ their preference for a particular prey species depending on the abundance of that species, When this occurs, mon prey are consumed super proportionately whilst less mon prey are largely ignored. Switching between prey types 獵物轉(zhuǎn)換 依據(jù)獵物種數(shù)量的多少，捕食者有時會轉(zhuǎn)換其選擇而捕食某一特定的獵物種。這時捕食者主要捕食優(yōu)勢種獵物而大大忽略其他獵物。 It is generally expected that at high densities of prey, a predator’s consumption rate will increase and then flatten out as prey saturation occurs, this relationship is termed the functional response and may adopt different patterns, which can be stereotyped into three classes: functional responses I, II and III. The effect of prey density – functional responses 獵物密度影響 ——功能反應(yīng) 一般認(rèn)為在高獵物密度下，捕食者的攝食率會增加，然后隨獵物飽和達(dá)到最大速度。這種關(guān)系稱為功能反應(yīng)，可能采用多種模式，傳統(tǒng)上分為三種類型：功能反應(yīng) I、 II和 III。 To obtain food, a predator must first search for its prey a
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