【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ? Unless we are very careful, we can’t do our work well. ? An important aspect of traveling with friends is that in case emergency takes place, your friend will give you a hand immediately. ? 二、倒裝語(yǔ)序 (Inverted Order) ? 英語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)序：一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱(chēng)為自然語(yǔ)序（ Natural Order）；二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱(chēng)為倒裝語(yǔ)序（ Inverted Order）。 ? 而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有全部倒裝（ Full Inversion）和部分倒裝（ Partial Inversion）之分。 ? 全部倒裝的句子，謂語(yǔ)部分全部提前到主語(yǔ)之前。 ? 而部分倒裝的句子中，只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分（如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、或是系動(dòng)詞 be）放到主語(yǔ)的前面去。 ?倒裝句之全部倒裝 ? 全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 be, e, go, lie, live, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. ? 2) 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞 (off, away, out, in, up, down…) 或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不能完全倒裝。 Here he es. ? Away they went. ?倒裝句之部分倒裝 ? ?部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。 ?如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞 do, does或 did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。 ? 1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 當(dāng) Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 ? 以否定詞開(kāi)頭作部分倒裝 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than ? Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. ? so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 表示 也 、 也不 的句子要部分倒裝。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won39。t go, neither will I. ? only在句首要倒裝的情況 Only in this way can you learn English well. Only by studying hard can we pass the entrance examination. ? Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed . ? 含 as的讓步從句要倒裝 ? Lonely as he is , he seems happy. ? 其他部分倒裝 1) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy. 2) 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。 Were I you, I would try it again. ?三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 ? 1. 倒裝法：把應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分提至句首，使之突出。 ? 正常： The mystery of space is great。 the mystery of time is greater. ? 強(qiáng)調(diào)： Great is the mystery of space。 greater is the mystery of time. ? He would never five deceit or treachery. ? Deceit or treachery he would never five. (賓語(yǔ)提前 ) ? A puter can get information for scientists from outer space or from the depths of the ocean. ? From outer space or from the depths of the ocean, a puter can get information for scientists. (狀語(yǔ)提前 ) ? 2. 調(diào)整句子的主從關(guān)系：在使用簡(jiǎn)單句而無(wú)法表達(dá)一個(gè)信息的重要性時(shí)，最好將簡(jiǎn)單句與其前后合并，以形成主次關(guān)系，并把相對(duì)次要的信息放在從屬結(jié)構(gòu)中。 ? 簡(jiǎn)單句： Zhang Ming is a student. He es from a southern province. He speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand his dialect. ? 主從句： Zhang Ming, a new student from a southern province, speaks a dialect, which we find difficult to understand. ? 一些強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： ? The merchants protested the new taxes. ? The merchants were the ones who protested the new taxes. ? It was the merchants who protested the new taxes. ? The ones who protested the new taxes were the merchants. 句子成分的強(qiáng)調(diào) 1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/ was… that/who… 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的任一時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，本句型應(yīng)該使用 is, 當(dāng)屬于過(guò)去的任一時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)本句型應(yīng)該使用 was。另外， that可用于 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中任意部分， who只能用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)人。 We held a meeting in the club yesterday. It was we who held a meeting in the club yesterday. It was a meeting that we held in the club yesterday. It was in the club that we held a meeting yesterday. It was yesterday that we held a meeting in the club. 有許多其它因素導(dǎo)致這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 There are many other factors that bring about the problem. 強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這種做法的人聲稱(chēng)它侵犯了人們基本的工作權(quán)利。 Those (people) who strongly oppose the practice claim that it violates people’s basic rights of working. 我們生活在人們享有合法權(quán)利的國(guó)家。 We live in the country where people enjoy their legal rights. 我之所以持這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是有很多原因的。 There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion. 凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。 Those people who break the law will be punished. ( Whoever breaks the law will be punished. ） 真奇怪， 她竟然沒(méi)有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。 (it做形式主語(yǔ) ) It is strange that she failed to see her own shortings. 一些人認(rèn)為， 老年人的子女有義務(wù)照看他們的父母。 Some people think (suggest, insist, hold… ) that the old people’s children have the obligation to look after their old parents. 從朋友那里，我們可以學(xué)到我們所需要的東西。 From friends, we can learn what we need. 我向他們講清楚了的，他們必須在九點(diǎn)鐘前做完作業(yè)。 （ it做形式賓語(yǔ)。） I made it clear to them that they must finish their homework before 9 o’clock. 第一個(gè)原因是飼養(yǎng)寵物對(duì)人的健康有害。 The first reason is that raising pets is harmful to people’s health. 不太懂 inter的人好象已經(jīng)落伍了。 It seems that people who know little about the inter are outdated. ，定語(yǔ)。 離家生活，人要忍受孤獨(dú)和思鄉(xiāng)。 Living far away from home, one will suffer from Loneliness and homesickness. 他們?cè)陔娨暻盎ㄙM(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，忽略了他們的學(xué)習(xí)， 戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，甚至家庭。 They spend too much time in front of the television, ignoring their studies, outdoor activities and even their family. 和大家庭相比，小家庭有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 Compared with the large family, the small family has a unique advantage. 現(xiàn)在出國(guó)留學(xué)的年輕人越來(lái)越多。 Nowadays,there are more and more young people going abroad for study. 你總能看到沉溺于計(jì)算機(jī)游戲中的年輕人，甚至 成年人。 You can always see young people and even adults addicted to the puter games. 將下列句子改寫(xiě)為一個(gè)句子： —Overpopulation is being a problem. － Alaska is not thickly populated. － Many people may move there. － It has vast open lands. ?合并為： Alaska, a relatively unpopulous state, ? has vast open lands which may attract many ? people in this time of overpopulation. 使句子多樣化的技巧： ? 1. 改變句子成分的次序（倒裝） ? Down fell the vase. ? 2. 長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合 ? 3. 以同位語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)始句子： ? Susan, a dedicated naturalist, spent years studying birds a