運(yùn)籌管理operationsmanagementch(編輯修改稿)
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【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 solving” ? Lot sizes are cut ? Inprocess inventories are drastically reduced ? Any interruption causes production to stop ? Quality problems are immediately addressed ? The necessary teamwork contributes to increased pride in quality 24 Quality Management Recognition ? Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award ? Deming Prize ? ISO 9000 Standards 25 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award ? Awards given annually to US firms ? Nearly all states have quality award programs styled after the Baldrige Award ? Criteria include ? Leadership ? Strategic planning ? Customer and market focus ? Information and analysis ? Human resource focus ? Process management ? Business results 26 The Deming Prize ? Awarded by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers ? Recognizes panies that have demonstrated successful quality improvement programs ? All (not just Japanese) firms are eligible ? Four topmanagement activities recognized ? Senior management activities ? Customer satisfaction activity ? Employee involvement activities ? Training activity 27 ISO 9000 Standards ? Quality management guidelines developed by the International Organization for Standardization ? Companies bee certified by applying to thirdparty providers who assess the level of conformity to the standards ? More than 300,000 panies worldwide are ISO 9000certified ? The US big three automakers have adopted a similar set of standards called QS9000 28 ISO 9000 Standards ? Standards based on 8 quality management principles ? Customer focused anization ? Leadership ? Involvement of people ? Process approach ? System approach to management ? Continual improvement ? Factual approach to decision making ? Mutually beneficial supplier relationship 29 Total Quality Management (TQM) Programs ? Motorola Six Sigma ? Xerox Leadership through Quality ? Intel (PDQ)2 or Perfect Design Quality, Pretty Darn Quick ? HewlettPackard Total Quality Control 30 Elements of TQM ? Top management mitment and involvement ? Customer involvement ? Design products for quality ? Design production processes for quality ? Control production processes for quality ? Developing supplier partnerships ? Customer service, distribution, and installation ? Building teams of empowered employees ? Benchmarking and continuous improvement 31 Top Management Commitment and Involvement ? Support must be genuine or TQM will be seen as just another passing fad ? Fundamental changes must occur in the culture of the anization ? Such fundamental changes are not easy, but are impossible without top management’s mitment and involvement 32 Customer Involvement ? Mechanisms to involve the customer ? Focus groups ? Market surveys ? Customer questionnaires ? Market research programs ? Quality Function Deployment (QFD) ? Formal system for identifying customer wants ? Eliminate wasteful product features and activities that do not contribute 33 Designing Products for Quality ? Designing for Robustness Product will perform as intended even if undesirable conditions occur in production or in
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