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rita語法知識ppt課件(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-13 15:39 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 she was ing. 三、結(jié)構(gòu)公式: 過去將來時 肯定句:主語 +be( was, were) going to+動詞原形~ . I should finish my homework. 否定句:主語 +would( should) not+動詞原形~ . She shouldn39。t work so late. 疑問句: Would( Should) +主語 +動詞原形~? Would she work ? 四、注意: 常與過去將來時連用的時間狀語有: the next day(第二天 ), the next year(第二年 ), the following week(緊接著的那周 )等。 He was going to start work the following week. 過去將來時??捎脕肀硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動作。一律用 would。 現(xiàn)在完成時 一、概念:現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作,或者表示過去某時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 二、結(jié)構(gòu): have/has + 過去分詞 三、結(jié)構(gòu)公式: 1).肯定句 :主語+ have/has+過去分詞+ .. 2).否定句:主語+ have/has+not+過去分詞+ … 3).一般疑問句: Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+ .. 4).簡略答語: Yes,主語+ have/has. No,主語+ haven39。t/hasn39。t. 5).特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ have/has+主語+過去分詞 四、注意: : already,never,ever,just,before,in the 現(xiàn)在完成時 last(past)ten years,so far,for+段時間, since+點(diǎn)時間等。表示明確的過去的時間不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。如 :in 1949,just now,last week,when從句等。 :表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響;過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;動作剛結(jié)束。 I have already had hungry since/for. I have worked here for years. I have just finished my work. ( just) “已經(jīng) 的句子”都用完成時 . already, yet,just, since+時間點(diǎn) , for+一段時間 .up to now/till now/ so far 等的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成 現(xiàn)在完成時 五、過去分詞構(gòu)成形式: :同過去式的變法一樣 . 1) +ed 2) +d 3)雙寫 +ed 4) yi+ed : do did done fall fell fallen buy bought bought Send sent sent go went gone take took taken lose lost lost find found found see saw seen read read read say said said drink drank drunk 現(xiàn)在完成時 do did done swim swam swum speak spoke spoken meet met met is/am was been give gave given put put put cut cut cut eat ate eaten are were been has/have had had stand stood stood throw threw thrown sleep slept slept sit sat sat run ran run draw drew drawn hang hung hung sing sang sung hang hanged hanged 現(xiàn)在完成時 make made made fly flew flown know knew known let let let get got got/gotten fet fot fotten fight fought fought bring brought brought begin began begun leave left left spend spent spent e came e wake woke waken cost cost cost write wrote written lend lent lent 現(xiàn)在完成時 sweep swept swept ride rode riden feed fed fed feel felt felt grow grew grown catch caught caught hold held held think thoughtthought tell told told blow blew blown sell sold sold bee became bee understand understood understood 過去完成時 一、概念:表示在過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或一致延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。他表示的動作所發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。 二、結(jié)構(gòu): had + 過去分詞 三、結(jié)構(gòu)公式:肯定句 主語 +had + 動詞的過去分詞 +其他 否定句 主語 +had not +動詞的過去分詞 +其他 疑問句 Had+主語 +動詞的過去分詞 +其他 四、注意: : by(the end of)+過去的時間, for+段時間,since+點(diǎn)時間, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句(從句中謂語動詞用過去時)等。 +過去某一時間點(diǎn) 如 :by last year, by the end of+過去某一時間點(diǎn) 如 :by the end of last year, before+過去某一時間點(diǎn) ,by the time +從句 ,或賓語從句中 . 過去完成時 四 :過去分詞:規(guī)則的過去分詞 /不規(guī)則過去分詞 :同過去式的變法一樣 . 1)+ed 2)+d 3)雙寫 +ed 4)yi+ed (詳見現(xiàn)在完成時中的過去分詞 ) 五、做題時常見錯誤如下: 例: He ___(have) gone home when I got to his : had 解析: have/has 的過去式都為 had, had 在過去完成時中也是助動詞 , 不能再有單三人稱的變化 . 過去完成時 例: He asked what I _____ (have) said. 答案: had 解析 ,現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果.而過去完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去的影響或結(jié)果. 例: She _____(live) in New York for eight years before he came to : had lived 解析:一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 而過去完成時主要體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩動作先后有別,即比過去發(fā)生的某動作還要“過去”,兩動作中先發(fā)生的是過去完成時,后發(fā)生的則只用一般過去時。 過去進(jìn)行時 一、概念:表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作延續(xù)的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。 二、結(jié)構(gòu): WAS/WERE+DOING 三、結(jié)構(gòu)公式: 肯定句 主語 +was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他 We are reading books when mum came back. 否定句 主語 +was/were not +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他 They were not sleeping when the baby was crying. 疑問句 Was/Were + 主語 + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他 Were you playing football when I calles? 過去進(jìn)行時 四、注意: 、位移的過去進(jìn)行時??捎脕肀硎具^去將來時。 He didn`t kown the train was leaving at 8. He didn`t say when she was ing. : at that time,this time,last week,when he came in,yestoday,morning,this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。 At this time,the man downstairs was trying to sleep. What were you doing yesterday afternoon? {語法中的詞 } 一、名詞 ? 二、動詞 ? 三、代詞 ? 四、形容詞 ? 名詞 一、概述:對名詞的考查點(diǎn)常常放在名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的區(qū)別、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成、不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)、名詞前修飾詞的使用、名詞所有格及用法等。 二、分類:名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩種 。普通名詞分為兩類(可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞)四種(個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞)。 eg:boy box family army water rice love work Jim China 名詞 三、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 S,清輔音后讀 /s/、濁輔音及元音后讀 /z/. bookbooks brotherbrothers bananabananas…. s,sh,x,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后面加 es,讀 /iz/. dressdresses dishdishes boxboxes matchmatches stomachs/k/ f/fe結(jié)尾的需要把 f或者 fe變成 v,后 ,再加 es,讀 /z/? wifewivesknifeknivesleafleaves +y結(jié)尾的名詞 ,先把 y變成 i后再加 es,讀 /z/,以元音字母 +y結(jié)尾的名詞,則直接加 s,讀/z/.? boyboys babybabies candycandies familyfamilies ce,se,ze,(dge)等結(jié)尾的單詞加 s后,讀 /iz/. orangeoranges piecepieces blouseblouses facefaces +o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般加 es,讀音 /z/.以元音字母 +o結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加 s. 名詞 二:不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變法 manmen thisthese womanwomen thatthose childchildren Iwe toothteeth youyou footfeet she/he/itthey mousemice is/amare goosegeese sheepsheep fishfish ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese oxoxen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen potatopotatoes RussianRussians AmericanAmericans tomatotomatoes German Germans mango-- mangoes heroheroes Negro 名詞 三:不可數(shù)名詞 記憶口訣: 專有名詞不可數(shù),人名地名和國家,沒有復(fù)數(shù)只單數(shù),物質(zhì)名 詞不可數(shù),金木水火土和沙,肉食米面布與茶,咖啡果汁牛奶
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