【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e, in an autoclave or by dry heating in a hot air oven at 160 176。 C for one hour). For experiments where crosscontamination from one experiment to the next can bee a problem, plastic Petri dishes are often used as disposables. Enterobacteria，腸細菌 Salmonella， 沙門氏菌 hydrophilic antibiotic，親水性的抗生素 Staphylococcus aureus, 金黃色葡萄球菌 Salmonella typhi，傷寒沙門氏菌 Escherichia coli，埃希氏大腸桿菌 Nuclear Magic Resonance Spectroscopy (NRM) 核磁共振 (光譜 )分析 Xrays crystallographic analyses， X射線晶體學分析 a heterocyclic βlactamicdihydrotiazinic system thiazolidinic rings， 噻唑環(huán) Intravenously， 靜脈的 racemase， 消旋酶 thioester， 硫酯 thioesterases，硫酯酶 deacetoxycephalosporin，脫乙酰氧基頭孢菌素 Hydroxylase， 羥化酶 Hydroxylating，（使）羥（基）化 Acetylation， 乙?；饔? Analogously，類似，相似 Chromosomes，染色體 progenitor strain, 起源菌株 tandem repeats， 銜接重復 syphilis, \ sif(?)l?s\ 梅毒 pneumonia, 肺炎 pharynx, \39。f230。r??ks\ 咽 scarlet fever, 猩紅熱 diphtheria, 白喉 meningitis, 腦膜炎 septicemia， 敗血病 REVIEW 20224 Abstract: ［ Objective］ The aim of this study was to screen hemicellulose degrading microanisms.［ Methods］ The methods used to screen the effective strains included hydrolysis spot diameter measurement of hemicellulose plate (半纖維素平板水解圈法） and extracellular enzyme activity． The methods used to identify the strains included culture characteristics， morphological， physiologicalbiochemical characteristics and molecular biological methods． Sample two English Abstract ［ Results］ We isolated 4 actinomycetes ( NA9， NA10， NA12 and NA13) ， 2 fungi ( NF1 and NF7) with hemicellulose degrading ability and no antagonistic effect（拮抗效應） among them． The hemicellulose degrading activity of 4 actinomyces ( NA9， NA10， NA12 and NA13) was 217. 6， 229. 8， 221. 1 and 211. 8 U /mL． The hemicellulose degrading activity of 2 fungi ( NF1 and NF7) was 217. 7 and 244. 2 U /mL． The hemicellulose degrading activity of plex microbial system was 299. 0 U/mL． NA9， NA10， NA12 and NA13 were Streptomyces costaricanus。 NF1 was Aspergillus candidus and NF7 was Tarlaromyces flavus． 專業(yè)英語定語從句的 翻譯策略 一、翻譯成前置定語結構 對不是很長，且主要起修飾和限制作用的定語從句，可使用漢語的定語結構進行對等翻譯。 （ 1） Biotechnology can be summarized as any technique that uses living anisms to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microanisms for specific purposes. 生物技術可以概括為 使用活的生物制造或修飾產(chǎn)品，改良動植物，或者用于某種特殊目而培養(yǎng)微生物的 技術。 （ 2） Plant breeding involves selecting optimal binations of genes that provide desired characteristics. 植物育種就是選擇 提供目標特征的 最優(yōu)基因組合。 （ 3） Attempts are now being made to replace enzymes which traditionally have been isolated from animal tissues and plants with enzymes from microanisms. 人們正在努力用源自微生物的酶來取代 傳統(tǒng)上從動物組織和植物中分離的 酶。 （ 4） These have helped to determine minimum separation distances to reduce cross pollination to levels that are below the limits needed to maintain geic purity. 這些方法有助于確定最小分隔距離，將雜交授粉水平降低到 保持遺傳純度所需的限制 水平之下。 （ 1） Traditional biotechnology dates back thousands of years, to early farming societies in which people collected seeds of plants with the most desirable traits for planting the following year. 傳統(tǒng)的生物技術可追溯到數(shù)前千年前，那時的早期農(nóng)耕社會里， 人們搜集具有最需要性狀的植物種子，以供來年種植 。 （ 2） The era of ‘modern biotechnology’, which involves manipulation of genes from living anisms in more precise and controlled ways than traditional biotechnology, began with their discovery (the discovery of DNA structure by James Watson and Francis Clark) . 與傳統(tǒng)生物技術相比，現(xiàn)代生物技術對來自活的有機體的基因的操作更精確更可控。 現(xiàn)代生物技術世代從他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)（指沃森和克里克發(fā)現(xiàn) DNA結構）開始。 （ 3） NAA usually gives rise to short thick roots which may have the advantage of being better able to withstand accidental damage during planting out. NAA通常會產(chǎn)生短而粗的根， 這種根具有在移栽過程中不易損傷的優(yōu)勢 。 （ 4） Plants from protoplasts often display considerable geic variation, which can arise from the tissues of the starting material and/or in the callus from which the plants are regenerated. 從原生質(zhì)體再生的植株經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)較大的遺傳變異， 這些遺傳變異既可能源于起始材料組織，也可能源于植株再生的愈傷組織 。 （ 1） The most serious current concern of plant scientists is the irretrievable loss of biodiversity, which reduces the scope for breeding crops to tolerate more extreme climates, to resist pests and diseases and produce more nutritious food. 生物多樣性的不可逆喪失是目前植物科學家最關切的問題， 因為生物多樣性喪失會降低耐受極端氣候、抗病蟲害和更富營養(yǎng)作物的選育機會 。 （ 2） An endangered species is a population of anisms which is at risk of being extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters. 如果生物種群由于數(shù)量稀少或者環(huán)境或捕食因素改變而處于絕種的危險 ，那么就稱這個物種為瀕臨滅絕的物種。 （ 1） Current legislation provides a framework for these considerations but there are many issues related to the coexistence of industrial and food products that remain to be studied and debated before possible introduction. 目前的立法為這些考慮提供了框架，但對于工業(yè)產(chǎn)品與食品共存有關的許多問題在推出之前 仍然有待于研究和討論 。 （ 2） Geic engineering is only one of many methods that may contribute to maintaining productivity and food quality while reducing inputs and improving agricultural ecosystems. 有不少方法 可用來保持作物產(chǎn)量和食物品質(zhì)同時降低投入和改善農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ，遺傳工程僅是其中之一。 （ 3） The major cereal crops we use today, which provide the bulk of our calories, are descended fro