【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were looking at giant sculpture, not building. A. We had never seen B. We never saw C. Never had we seen D. Never having seen E. Never seeing F. Having never seen 否定副詞前置倒裝 Not until+時間 +助動詞 +主語 +謂語動詞 ? Not until she left for US did I realize how much I loved her. ? I didn’t realize how much I loved her until she left for US. not only引起倒裝， but also正語序 ? Not only is he a doctor, but he is also a butcher. No sooner+助動詞 +S+V+ than+SVO ? No sooner had we arrived than SAT test began. No longer/by no means ? By no means can we fail. 非謂語 后置非謂語 ? 先看看定語從句的后置 which ? SVO, which ? which指 o或者最近的關(guān)鍵詞 I have a book, which they all know. I have a book which they all know. I have a book, a fact that they all know. I have a book, as they all know. He fets the homework, as happens always. ? SVO, doing doing一般指 s或者全句動作，一般表結(jié)果 或同時 ? SVO, doing doing指 O的只有 including，可以指前面任何名詞 ? SVO, done. done一般指 o， 指主語 s時一般要放到 S之前或緊貼 S后面更準確 ? ZF met YHY, dressed in red. ? Dressed in red, ZF met YHY. ? ZF, dressed in red, met YHY. ? I have many books, including XX and OO. ? We went to Hongkong, including YHY, ZF and XXX. SVO, having done? ? SVO, having done.?? ? 后置的非謂語表結(jié)果或伴隨，而 having done表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，指在 V之前的動作，因此矛盾了，應(yīng)該置于句首 ? Having done, SVO ? Be動詞， having done. 前置非謂語 ? To do/Doing/Done, SVO ? to do, doing和 done 一般為 主語 動作， to do 表目的 , doing表主動動作 ,無時態(tài) 。表原因 , 伴隨 ,讓步 ， done表被動，時態(tài)一般為完成 ? Watching the movie, I cried. ? On/Upon receiving her letter, I was excited. ? Not believing her, I still lent her the money. ? In order to finish the weekend homework, we have to stay up late on Sunday and work hard on Monday morning. ? Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that (B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that (C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens (D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that (E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it 去掉 and試試？ ? Crossing and recrossing the stream, stepping on or over slippery rocks, and following a trail that grew steeper and steeper, the hikers soon realized how challenging their day would be. No error ? How to do? ? How doing/adj/adv? 非謂語的時態(tài) ? Having done, SVO 表已經(jīng)完成的動作 Having watched the movie twice, I still cried. Watching the movie the second time, I still cried. Not having experienced bungi, I’m eager to try. Having not… Not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. Because of not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. Because of having not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. ? done表示被動和完成動作，可以表示完成，一般不用having been done Told many times, he still made the same having been told Given/ Granted a gift of counting, he … ? In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a black American explorer, discovered in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada a pass soon being an important gateway to California goldrush country. No error ? soon to bee ? which would soon bee 非謂語的平行省略 ? SVO, and SVO. S一致時第二個 S可省略或者用代詞， V也一致時更要省略 ,后句的 be動詞甚至也可以省略，但盡量 主語主動 一致 ? His hair is green and his teeth red. ? do, do, and do 可換成 doing, to do, adj, 平行；只要邏輯通順，不一定是絕對平行 ? Doing, doing and doing同樣可以做主語 非謂語的邏輯主語 邏輯一致 By practicing hard, our ability can be improved. ?By practicing hard, we can improve our ability. ?By hard practice, our ability/we can… ?By our practicing hard, our ability can be improved. ?By us practicing hard, our ability can be improved. Dressed in red, the girl entered the hall of the banquet. Seating/Seated in sofa, I feel fortable. 垂懸分詞 Doing done與后面的邏輯主語無關(guān) ? Taking something into consideration,… ? Taking … into all accounts,… ? Judging from…, … ? Generally speaking,… 連詞 +doing ? When/while/if/until/though/although +doing/done/n/adj ? 省略主語 +be動詞，主語和主句主語一致 ? 沒有時態(tài)，只表示一般狀態(tài)和進行狀態(tài) ? Because/since/as/for表原因不加 doing，只能加句子，可以換成 because of/due to/ according to/thanks to +doing ? after/before只加 doing不加 done， 表完成動作 ,可以不用加 having done,主語為主句的 S ? 加被動為 being done After being elected the monitor, he made a passionate speech. 介詞 +doing ? 介詞 +doing，要看后面的邏輯主語 ? by/through/on/in/of doing, SVO. ? 被動為 being done, 不能直接加 done,主語為主句的 S ? 連詞 +do，要看后面的邏輯主語 ? In order to do…, SVO. ? In order to make us happy, we are given a threeday vacation by school. ? By practicing hard, we can succeed. ? I am looking forward to being elected the monitor. ? 2021年 1月 106 With結(jié)構(gòu) with sb/sth + to do/doing/done/adj/adv 做伴隨狀態(tài)，非主句 ? With是介詞，不能加完整句子 With eyes open, he died. With bells ringing, we left away. With lights turned off, we left. With a lot of work to do, we left. 獨立主格 ? S1+doing/done/adj（伴隨） , S2+V+O（主句） ? 相當于省略句首的 with Eyes open, he died. Bells ringing, we left away. Lights turned off, we left. He died, his property donated and his ashes disseminated into the deep blue sea.（伴隨 /結(jié)果） ? A great owl flying low across a forest clearing, its wings beating quietly and its ultrasensitive ears tuned to the faint sounds made by small creatures concealed under leaves. 同位語 判斷主語還是同位語 ? S,同位語， VO. ? 要判斷逗號前面的幾個名詞誰是主語誰是插入成分 ,判斷謂語動詞 . ? 同位語不修飾人稱代詞 he, she, it, they等等 Rumor has it that he died. There is a rumor that he died. ? 同位語 ,SVO ? 同位語和主語保持一致，單復數(shù)和內(nèi)容一致 ? One of the best students, the boy was very mean. ? One of the best students, the background of the boy’s family is quite eminent. ? One of the best students, the boy’s background is quite eminent. ? A: The best teacher, ZF is very kind. ? B: The best teacher, he is ver